1847.] VICARY ON THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SINDE. 347 



45° ; beneath this there are clay beds and sandstones, with which the 

 conglomerate often alternates. This range, holding the same cha- 

 racter, extends north and south of the Gauj river as far as my eye 

 could reach ; in some places it attains an elevation of from 600 to 

 800 feet above the plain. From its base to six, and in some places 

 eight miles, the broken-up conglomerate has been spread out, and 

 exhibits all the characters of an ancient beach. 



Fig. 5. 



West, 



Raja Derah, 

 Talus of three and a half miles to Raja EJerah. 



The valley of the Gauj at first is narrow, being little more than 

 sixty yards in breadth; further on it widens to near a mile, and 

 again contracts, thus forming a basin : this place was overgrown with 

 Tamarisk and Acacia trees, in which I found wild pigs most abundant. 

 The section at page 344, taken from Gaza-Peer to the crest of the Hala 

 Range, sufficiently explains the relative position of the beds at this 

 place, excepting the local modern tufa, which is not found here. 



Following the course of the Gauj, I passed through the conglo- 

 merate ranges, and at 3^ miles came upon a cliff with a western 

 escarpment, about 400 feet in height and based on the Kurrachee 

 non-nummulitic rock (No. 6). This is on the left bank of the river. 

 I found here fossil bones in vast abundance ; the bones (as usual 

 much broken) were at this point chiefly those of the Crocodile. I 

 have remarked that the bone-beds (wherever the fossils abound) are 

 of a deep rubiginous tint. The fossils also partake of the same co- 

 lour, and as they strongly resemble the bones procured in such 

 abundance at Nahn, I am not without a hope that they will establish 

 a connexion between the conglomerate and sandstone (Sewalik) for- 

 mations flanking the base of the Himalaya and the conglomerate sand- 

 stones and bone-beds of Sinde. The cliff above-noted is crowned with 

 sandstone, about 150 feet in thickness ; beneath this there is a bone- 

 bed of the usual colour, about 60 feet in thickness ; next, descend- 

 ing, comes a sandstone-bed about the same thickness, and containing 

 some bones ; then a bed of clays of various colours, penetrated with 

 veins of gypsum, about 80 feet in thickness ; then the lower bone- 

 beds, of the usual rusty colour ; beneath this, marly clays containing 

 Turritellee, and a small bivalve in vast numbers ; broken pieces of 

 Placuna were also abundant. From this I crossed to the right bank 

 of the Gauj, and came upon the same formation, which is prolonged 

 in a southerly direction as far as I could see. The cliff is not so 

 high here as on the northern side of the river (to the course of which 

 it stands at a right angle). It is mural towards the west, and I 

 ascended it with much difficulty. The lowest visible rock here is 

 sandstone, upon which a bed of the rust-coloured rock rests, dipping 

 at from 35° to 40° to the east, and showing a strong contrast in 

 colour to the sandstone beneath. In it I found bones most abundant, 



VOL. III. — PART I. 2 B 



