132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [NoV. 7, 



p. Four feet and a lialf below the surface of the shale No. 344, there 

 are a large Lepidodendron and several Calamites. The Lepidoden- 

 dron, which is the highest tree in the chff, as shown in the sketch, is 

 9 feet in height, its diameter at the top being 24, and at the base 36 

 inches. It is covered with a rough scaly bark of coal 1 inch thick. 

 The trunk is filled up with alternating beds of shale and sandstone 

 with several thin layers of ironstone. I could only trace one piece 

 of root 2 feet in length, which externally was marked in the same 

 scaly manner as the stem, being filled up with soft shale containing 

 small egg-shaped nodules of ironstone. The Calamites, which do not 

 exceed 2 inches in diameter, have long fibrous roots running nearly 

 perpendicularly downwards. 



q. I counted ten small upright Calamites and Sigillarise in the next 

 superior bed No. 345, based upon the surface of the shale No. 344, 

 into which their long fibrous roots penetrated from two to three feet 

 downwards. Two of these Sigillarise ? are about 8 inches in diame- 

 ter ; they are filled with soft friable shale, and have central columns or 

 piths \\ inch in diameter, composed of piu*e bright coal arranged m 

 thin horizontal laminae. There is also the stem of a fluted Sigillaria 

 in the same bed of larger size near high-water mark, but only a small 

 portion can yet be seen. 



r. Twenty-three feet higher up, in the arenaceous shale No. 355, 

 there are three large erect trees whose long Stigmaria roots spread 

 over the flat surface of the Cranberry Head bottom seam. One is a 

 Lepidodendron, the two others are Sigillariee. They are all about 27 

 inches in diameter, but of different lengths. 



s. In the same arenaceous shale No. 355, but four feet above the 

 coal, there are two more trees of about the same size as the last, 

 which are apparently Lepidodendra. Long rootlets run in every di- 

 rection from their Stigmaria-hke roots. These are the last upright 

 trees in our section, making in all eighteen forests, each on a distinct 

 level and consequently of different ages, within a vertical range of 

 1600 feet, the first being 220 feet above the millstone grit, and the 

 last 40 feet below the highest bed at Cranberry Head. 



The animal remains, as will be observed by reference to the sec- 

 tion, are chiefly found in the bituminous shales and limestones : in 

 these beds they are very plentiful, but apparently hmited to few 

 genera and species. I have only been able to recognize the follow- 

 ing * : — Modiola (2 sp.), Spirorbis, Unio, Microconchus carbona- 

 rius, Cypris (2 sp.), and the scales, teeth, &c. of Holoptychius, Me- 

 galichthys, PalcBonjscus, Amblypterus and Gyrolepis, which are very 

 abundant, together with vast numbers of coprolites. The Unio and 

 Microconchus are found alone ; the first in the slaty sandstone No. 

 196, and the latter in the thin hmestone No. 92. The Modiolce and 



* I made up separate parcels of the shells and ichthyolites, intending to send 

 one to Mr. Conrad of Philadelphia, and the other to Prof. Agassiz of Cambridge, 

 U.S., but by mistake the shells were sent to Prof. Agassiz and the iclithyohtes to 

 Mr. Conrad! This has since been remedied, and I hope soon to be favoured with 

 the remarks of those eminent palseoutologists on the Sydney fossils. 



