384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Apr. 10, 



dences of recent mutations to an enormous extent in their outlines 

 — i. e. since the period of the glacial waters * — the Alps present no- 

 where the trace of any subaerial volcano ; the youngest igneous rocks 

 being those which have traversed the older tertiary deposits of the 

 Vicentin and other tracts. The Apennines, on the contrary, offer 

 proofs, particularly on their western shores, not only of recent os- 

 cillations, but also of copious volcanic eruptions. Thus, as was re- 

 cently shown, subaqueous volcanos were intensely active during 'the 

 penultimate period, along a band parallel to and flanking the Apen- 

 nines, which had been raised at a former epoch. After these fires 

 were spent and their dejections raised up into the western lands of 

 the Papal and Neapolitan States, we have no proofs of subaerial 

 volcanicity until Vesuvius burst forth, save the case of the volcano of 

 Latium \, whose period of activity is lost in the maze of time, and 

 the notable examples among the early Greek settlements in the Bay 

 of Naples. 



I-iastly, let us recollect, that in the tract of Western Tuscany 

 which has been the special subject of this memoir, we also read a most 

 instructive lesson upon the efforts of subterranean igneous forces 

 to develo'pe themselves at successive periods along one and the same 

 established ba7id of active change in the crust of the globe. For whilst 

 one extremity of this band is marked by the eruptions of Ischia and 

 Vesuvius, where volcanic action has prevailed in the historical period, 

 we have only to follow such zone from Naples to the N.N.W. to see 

 that it passes along a portion of the Papal States replete with earlier 

 volcanos, and is directly coincident with tracts powerfully affected in 

 much more remote periods, along one of which volcanic action is still 

 partially developed in the hot vapour issues of the Tuscan Maremma. 



April 10, 1850. 

 William Murray, Esq., was elected a Fellow. 

 The following communication was read : — 



Observations on the Discovery^ by Prof. Lepsixjs, of Sculptured 

 Marks on Rocks in the Nile Valley in Nubia, indicating that 

 within the Historical Period the RivER^oz^ec? at a Higher 

 Level than in Modern Times. By L. Horner, Esq., F.R.S. &c. 



lAbstract.l 



The author having given Prof. Lepsius's account of the position and 

 character of certain hieroglyphics registering the heights of the river 

 floods, sculptured in the time of Amenemha the Third (Moeris), about 

 2200 years B.C., on the face of the foundation rock and the masonry 

 of two fortresses which were built by Sesuatesen, predecessor of 



* See " Distribution of the Superficial Detritus of the Alps, as compared with 

 that of Northern Europe." (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. vi. p. 65.) 

 t Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol, vi. p. 294. 



