434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 22, 



sandstone ridge, and is locally known as ' Nash Scar.' It is a pure 

 and highly crystalhne limestone, rising about 300 feet above the 

 turnpike-road which runs at its base. It is extensiyely quarried and 

 burned, and must be at least 100 feet thick. The absence, however, 

 of any decided traces of stratification where it is most largely deve- 

 loped, renders it difficult to speak with accuracy on this point. It 

 undoubtedly, however, rests immediately on the sand and grit beds. 

 The connection may be traced to within a few feet, leaving at the ut- 

 most merely room for the intervention of a thin bed of shale. The 

 limestone is prolonged and thins out towards the south-west beyond 

 the actually developed hmits of the sandstone, and becomes more 

 distinctly stratified at Woodside, its extreme south-west point, where 

 it is quarried and burnt. It is there interlaced with wayboards of 

 shale, and dips S.E. 30°. The limestone of Nash is not conterminous 

 with the sandstone on the east, but on the contrary expires at Nash, 

 while the sandstone extends to Gorton turnpike-gate. 



At the foot of the limestone kilns at Nash, and almost covered by 

 the detached masses of limestone falling or exploded from the chiF, 

 is a mass of shale which would pass below the limestone if the latter 

 were supposed to lie horizontally ; but there can be no doubt, from 

 the dip at Woodside and Haxwall, that the limestone is very highly 

 inchned, and has been elevated by the same means and at the same 

 time as the sandstone. The shale consequently hes above the hme- 

 stone. It is not, however, as far as it can be traced, of any consider- 

 able thickness. The little river Somergil or Endwall, which drains 

 the vales of Radnor and Knill, runs near the base of the cliff, and the 

 beds are wholly obscured by an accumulation of gravel, covering the 

 adjoining valley, on the south side of which undoubted Lower Ludlow 

 beds rise, and dip gently to the south-east, succeeded by Upper Lud- 

 low, and in the neighbourhood of Eywood and Titley overlaid by Old 

 Red Sandstone. The position of the Lower Ludlow, and the fact that 

 the adjacent valley of New Radnor is scooped out of an enormous ac- 

 cumulation of that formation, lead to the inference that the base of 

 the valley of Knill is also of that age*. 



Ha\dng traced an ascending section from the anticlinal ridge of 

 Caen Wood southwards to the old red sandstone of Herefordshire, 

 the deposits on the north or Presteign side require to be noticed. 

 The limestone so beautifully developed on the south side is almost 

 wholly wanting here. A thin band about eight feet thick occurs at 

 the ' Sandbanks,' on the north-eastern side of the hill, and close to 

 the former workings for this bed the sandstone is bared. The north- 

 ern dip of the latter at this place has been already alluded to. 

 This band of limestone dips 50° N.N.E., and is separated from the 

 sand or grit beds by a few feet of shale, which also overlies it to a 

 greater depth. The limestone band, which is highly crystalline, thins 



* Sir R. Murchison has so laid it down in the text of his ' Silurian System,' and 

 also in a section illustrating this district. See Sil. System, p. 314,* and pi. 33, 

 fig. 2. 



