482 A. W. G. WILSON SHORELINE STUDIES ON ONTARIO AND ERIE 



At one time the bar which connects the main portion of Long point 

 with the mainland laj' much farther out in the lake than at present, but 

 in recent 3fears it has been cut back. This is well shoAvn by the numerous 

 old stumps and roots which occur at the water line about 2 miles west of 

 the "Walsingham town line. 



"West of Long point the sea-cliffs consist of a brown boulder-clay over- 

 lain with stratified sands and gravels. Their height varies from about 

 50 to over 100 feet within the first 10 miles, and farther west they are 

 still higher. A study of the map of the lake shore shows a very marked 

 change in the trend of the coastline where the connecting bar leaves the 

 main shore. 



Long point is considered by the writer to have been constructed by the 

 joint action of the surf and the longshore currents moving debris — waste 

 derived from the cliffs or supplied to the shore by streams from the 

 interior — eastward along the shore probably from as far west as point 

 Talbot. At "Walsingham the change in the trend of the shoreline caused 

 the longshore currents to discharge lakeward instead of following the 

 shore farther. Gradually the great mass of waste contributed by the 

 cliffs accumulated in the long, low, sandy ridge that now constitutes the 

 point. During the later stages of its growth the materials of which it is 

 built up must have been frequently rearranged by the direct action of 

 the waves. 



On the mainland, projecting out into Long Point bay 6 miles east of 

 Port Eowan, is the cuspate foreland, Turkey point. This foreland is 

 bordered by a fresh beach on its southeast side, fronting toward the open 

 lake, but the western side is low, swampy ground. The waste of which 

 the point is built, at least in the later stages of its growth, has come along 

 the shore from the east. Several successively abandoned beach lines are 

 to be noted back of the present beach, marking earlier stages in the growth 

 of the point. The old line of sea-cliffs cut in boulder till rises about 40 

 feet above the general level of the point. A small creek flows into one of 

 the swamps back of the point not far from the middle of tlie base. This 

 creek has cut a deep valley in the glacial deposits, but it has built only a 

 small, flat, alluvial cone in front of the old cliff and resting on the old 

 beach. This leads to the inference that the greater portion of the dissec- 

 tion of this stream valley took place before Turkey point had closed direct 

 communication with the lake, for the size of the alluvial fan is altogether 

 disproportionate to the amount of valley dissection. 



Point aux Pines, or Eondeau. — Following the line of sea-cliffs west 

 from point Talbot to the east line of Harwich, we find that near the 

 base of Point aux Pines, or, as it is sometimes called, Eondeau point. 



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