﻿8 
  J. 
  S. 
  GARDNER 
  DESCRIPTION 
  AND 
  

  

  be 
  traced 
  for 
  several 
  hundred 
  yards 
  along 
  the 
  beach, 
  after 
  easterly- 
  

   gales, 
  and 
  is 
  seen 
  to 
  consist 
  of 
  several 
  layers 
  of 
  ironstone, 
  separated 
  

   by 
  clays 
  and 
  sands 
  charged 
  with 
  lignitic 
  and 
  vegetable 
  matter, 
  and 
  

   full 
  of 
  Teredo 
  -bored 
  wood. 
  In 
  the 
  meantime 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  light- 
  clay 
  

   patches 
  (4) 
  becomes 
  more 
  denned 
  ; 
  and 
  although 
  the 
  clays 
  are 
  often 
  

   merely 
  rolled 
  boulders, 
  they 
  assume 
  importance 
  from 
  the 
  beauty 
  and 
  

   rarity 
  of 
  the 
  fossils 
  which 
  even 
  the 
  smaller 
  isolated 
  fragments 
  

   contain*. 
  These 
  boulders 
  indicate 
  how 
  many 
  leaf-patches 
  were 
  

   broken 
  up 
  and 
  swept 
  away 
  after 
  they 
  had 
  become 
  indurated, 
  The 
  

   upper 
  dark-clay 
  zone 
  also 
  becomes 
  of 
  great 
  importance; 
  for 
  it 
  contains 
  

   well-preserved 
  fossils 
  in 
  at 
  least 
  two 
  places, 
  the 
  one 
  being 
  charac- 
  

   terized 
  by 
  the 
  abundance 
  of 
  a 
  Myrica-like 
  leaf, 
  the 
  other 
  by 
  a 
  large 
  

   pinnate 
  palm. 
  

  

  The 
  last 
  bluff 
  on 
  the 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Bourne, 
  however, 
  is 
  by 
  far 
  the 
  

   most 
  important 
  palaeontologically. 
  It 
  is 
  traversed 
  by 
  the 
  upper 
  dark- 
  

   clay 
  zone 
  (5), 
  with 
  fossils 
  which 
  are 
  comparatively 
  not 
  well 
  pre- 
  

   served 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  light-clay 
  patches 
  (4) 
  below 
  are 
  large 
  and 
  actually 
  

   crowded 
  with 
  leaves. 
  Towards 
  the 
  western 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  bluff 
  the 
  two 
  

   horizons 
  are 
  widely 
  separated 
  by 
  an 
  immense 
  wedge 
  of 
  indurated 
  

   and 
  laminated 
  sands 
  ; 
  but 
  under 
  the 
  High 
  cliff 
  mansions 
  they 
  approach 
  

   to 
  within 
  about 
  a 
  dozen 
  feet 
  of 
  each 
  other, 
  a 
  mass 
  only 
  10 
  or 
  12 
  feet 
  

   thick 
  of 
  orange 
  sand 
  and 
  ironstone 
  separating 
  them. 
  The 
  lenticular 
  

   clay 
  basin 
  below 
  this 
  sand 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  known 
  for 
  several 
  

   years 
  as 
  a 
  spot 
  for 
  collecting 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  regrettable 
  that 
  some 
  syste- 
  

   matic 
  care 
  was 
  not 
  bestowed 
  upon 
  it 
  ; 
  for 
  its 
  margin 
  is 
  now 
  almost 
  

   reached, 
  and 
  scarcely 
  any 
  further 
  specimens 
  can 
  now 
  be 
  obtained. 
  

   It 
  was 
  characterized 
  by 
  an 
  abundance 
  of 
  Gleichenia, 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  

   have 
  grown 
  in 
  a 
  marly 
  bed 
  still 
  pierced 
  by 
  rootlets, 
  and 
  also 
  by 
  

   what 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  distinct 
  conifer, 
  a 
  Godoya, 
  and 
  Iriartea, 
  all 
  these 
  

   being 
  very 
  rarely, 
  if 
  ever, 
  met 
  with 
  elsewhere. 
  The 
  cliff-section 
  

   exactly 
  under 
  the 
  flagstaff 
  of 
  the 
  Coast 
  Guard 
  station 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  ft. 
  in. 
  

  

  Light 
  to 
  yellow 
  sand 
  10 
  

  

  Blacksand 
  1 
  

  

  Whitesand 
  5 
  

  

  [Black 
  clay 
  3 
  

  

  Upper 
  horizon 
  J 
  Orange 
  clay 
  * 
  1 
  

  

  of 
  clays. 
  jBlackclay 
  12 
  

  

  [ 
  Light 
  clay 
  with 
  leaves 
  2 
  

  

  Light 
  sand 
  with 
  lignitic 
  grains 
  2 
  

  

  Hard 
  white 
  sand 
  2 
  

  

  Drab-and 
  -white 
  mottled 
  clayey 
  sand, 
  pas- 
  

   sing 
  to 
  whitesand 
  18 
  

  

  Lower 
  horizon 
  Although 
  no 
  clay 
  is 
  present 
  here, 
  there 
  are 
  patches 
  

   of 
  clays. 
  a 
  few 
  yards 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  abounding 
  in 
  leaves. 
  

  

  The 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  cliff 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  grits 
  and 
  sands 
  containing 
  

   iron, 
  with 
  white 
  sand 
  containing 
  lignitic 
  matter 
  near 
  the 
  sea- 
  

   level. 
  

  

  Twelve 
  yards 
  further 
  on, 
  the 
  mottled 
  sandy 
  clay 
  contains 
  debris 
  of 
  

   palms, 
  ferns, 
  rushes, 
  &c. 
  Below 
  this 
  a 
  few 
  yards 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  occur 
  by 
  far 
  

  

  * 
  From 
  one 
  of 
  these 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  a 
  pinna, 
  the 
  spathe, 
  and 
  fruit-stalks 
  of 
  a 
  

   date-palm 
  were 
  obtained. 
  

  

  