﻿152 
  T. 
  P. 
  JAMIES0N 
  ON 
  THE 
  CEAG-SHELL 
  

  

  Hawklaw 
  Head 
  northward 
  to 
  near 
  the 
  Burn 
  of 
  Clochtow, 
  a 
  distance 
  

   of 
  about 
  3^ 
  miles. 
  The 
  shells 
  and 
  limestone 
  debris, 
  however, 
  are 
  

   mostly 
  confined 
  to 
  that 
  portion 
  which 
  lies 
  between 
  Collieston 
  and 
  

   the 
  old 
  ruined 
  Castle 
  of 
  Slains. 
  Beyond 
  these 
  points 
  some 
  calcareous 
  

   powder 
  or 
  shelly 
  dust 
  may 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  sand 
  ; 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  got 
  

   nothing 
  larger. 
  Hawklaw 
  Head 
  is 
  a 
  rocky 
  promontory 
  about 
  a 
  mile 
  

   and 
  a 
  half 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Collieston. 
  

  

  Lying 
  on 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel, 
  there 
  is 
  generally 
  a 
  bed 
  

   of 
  red 
  clay 
  (c?), 
  varying 
  in 
  thickness 
  from 
  1 
  to 
  15 
  feet 
  or 
  more, 
  which 
  

   usually 
  forms 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  banks 
  facing 
  the 
  sea. 
  Some 
  large 
  

   transported 
  boulders 
  of 
  granite, 
  greenstone 
  (e), 
  and 
  gneiss 
  occasionally 
  

   occur 
  in 
  this 
  clay 
  or 
  on 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  it. 
  It 
  extends 
  over 
  a 
  large 
  

   part 
  of 
  Slains, 
  and 
  seems 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  to 
  have 
  covered 
  the 
  whole 
  

   parish 
  ; 
  for 
  it 
  reaches 
  up 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  Highlaw 
  nearly 
  to 
  the 
  very 
  

   top, 
  and 
  likewise 
  spreads 
  over 
  much 
  of 
  Cruden. 
  This 
  clay, 
  to 
  which 
  

   I 
  have 
  devoted 
  another 
  paper, 
  represents 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  submergence 
  

   during 
  which 
  the 
  beds 
  of 
  brick-clay 
  containing 
  marine 
  fossils 
  of 
  

   arctic 
  type 
  were 
  deposited 
  over 
  the 
  low 
  grounds 
  along 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  

   of 
  Scotland 
  — 
  the 
  "glacial 
  marine" 
  beds, 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  elsewhere 
  termed 
  

   them. 
  

  

  Order 
  of 
  Succession 
  and 
  Derivation 
  of 
  the 
  Beds. 
  

  

  Such, 
  then, 
  is 
  the 
  succession 
  of 
  deposits 
  along 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Slains, 
  

   between 
  Hawklaw 
  Head 
  and 
  Clochtow. 
  At 
  the 
  bottom 
  is 
  the 
  

   gneiss, 
  covered 
  by 
  a 
  stratum 
  of 
  coarse 
  stony 
  rubbish, 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  

   of 
  glacial 
  origin 
  ; 
  then 
  comes 
  the 
  thick 
  mass 
  of 
  gravel 
  and 
  sand 
  ; 
  and 
  

   above 
  all, 
  the 
  red 
  clay. 
  The 
  bed 
  of 
  coarse 
  stuff 
  at 
  the 
  bottom 
  seems 
  

   to 
  represent 
  the 
  old 
  Boulder- 
  clay 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  Scotland, 
  formed 
  

   beneath 
  the 
  ice-sheet 
  which 
  covered 
  the 
  country 
  before 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  

   submergence. 
  The 
  red 
  clay 
  represents 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  submergence 
  ; 
  

   and 
  the 
  gravel 
  and 
  sand 
  lying 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  must 
  therefore 
  be 
  of 
  

   intermediate 
  age. 
  

  

  The 
  gravel-ridges 
  of 
  the 
  Kippet 
  Hills 
  and 
  other 
  mounds 
  in 
  the 
  

   neighbourhood 
  seem 
  to 
  me 
  to 
  be 
  deposits 
  of 
  a 
  morainic 
  character, 
  

   which 
  have 
  been 
  formed 
  along 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  a 
  glacier 
  or 
  where 
  two 
  

   glaciers 
  met. 
  The 
  ice 
  had 
  probably 
  moved 
  over 
  the 
  locality 
  where 
  

   the 
  Crag-beds 
  existed; 
  and 
  the 
  gravel, 
  I 
  imagine, 
  represents 
  the 
  

   scourings 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  which 
  the 
  ice 
  carried 
  along 
  with 
  it 
  and 
  shed 
  

   off 
  along 
  its 
  border. 
  The 
  washed 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  gravel 
  indicates 
  

   the 
  presence 
  and 
  action 
  of 
  water, 
  which 
  has 
  tumbled 
  about 
  the 
  

   stones, 
  effaced 
  the 
  glacial 
  striae, 
  and 
  carried 
  off 
  the 
  muddy 
  sediment. 
  

   The 
  shells 
  and 
  limestone 
  debris 
  may 
  therefore 
  have 
  been 
  brought 
  

   from 
  some 
  distance, 
  and 
  perhaps 
  from 
  a 
  lower 
  level. 
  All 
  this 
  must 
  

   have 
  happened 
  before 
  the 
  time 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  red 
  clay, 
  which 
  

   lies 
  above 
  the 
  gravel. 
  

  

  The 
  thick 
  masses 
  of 
  fine 
  sand 
  that 
  occur 
  along 
  the 
  coast-section 
  

   and 
  in 
  some 
  other 
  places, 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  washed 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  gravel- 
  

   mounds 
  into 
  the 
  hollows 
  and 
  lower 
  depressions 
  of 
  the 
  coast 
  at 
  the 
  

   commencement 
  of 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  submergence 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  red 
  

  

  