﻿GKAVEL 
  BEDS 
  OP 
  ABEKDEENSHIKE. 
  159 
  

  

  exposed 
  ; 
  most 
  of 
  it 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  red 
  ; 
  but 
  there 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  patches 
  

   of 
  coarse 
  grey 
  mud 
  containing 
  small 
  stones 
  intermingled 
  with 
  it. 
  

   Although 
  no 
  large 
  boulders 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  in 
  it, 
  yet 
  some 
  occur 
  on 
  

   the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  bank 
  about 
  50 
  yards 
  off, 
  one 
  of 
  them 
  5 
  feet 
  in 
  

   length. 
  They 
  are 
  of 
  granite, 
  gneiss, 
  and 
  greenstone. 
  

  

  3. 
  Section 
  at 
  PertJiudden 
  Bay, 
  near 
  Gollieston. 
  

  

  feet. 
  

  

  Grneis3 
  24 
  

  

  Coarse 
  grey 
  rubbish 
  8 
  

  

  Sand 
  and 
  silfc 
  55 
  

  

  Red 
  clay 
  i6 
  

  

  Total 
  103 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  bed 
  of 
  coarse 
  grey 
  rubbish 
  next 
  the 
  rock 
  in 
  this 
  section 
  I 
  

   found 
  one 
  or 
  two 
  small 
  stones 
  distinctly 
  ice-worn 
  and 
  scratched. 
  

   There 
  is 
  no 
  bed 
  of 
  rough 
  pebbly 
  gravel 
  here 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  thick 
  mass 
  

   of 
  fine 
  sand 
  and 
  silt 
  there 
  are, 
  near 
  the 
  bottom, 
  some 
  seams 
  of 
  coarse 
  

   sand 
  or 
  fine 
  gravel 
  in 
  which 
  crumbs 
  of 
  shells 
  and 
  limestone 
  occur. 
  

   The 
  fine 
  sand 
  lies 
  in 
  undulating 
  masses, 
  and 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  brownish-grey 
  

   colour, 
  with 
  seams 
  of 
  reddish 
  sandy 
  clay 
  interlaminated 
  with 
  it. 
  

   The 
  bed 
  of 
  clay 
  at 
  the 
  top 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  reddish 
  colour, 
  with 
  scarcely 
  any 
  

   appearance 
  of 
  stratification. 
  Much 
  of 
  it 
  is 
  fine-grained 
  ; 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  

   it 
  is 
  laminated. 
  No 
  large 
  boulders 
  are 
  seen 
  ; 
  but 
  a 
  small 
  stone 
  may 
  

   be 
  got 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  in 
  it. 
  In 
  one 
  spot, 
  pretty 
  deep 
  down 
  near 
  

   the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  clay, 
  I 
  found 
  a 
  patch 
  of 
  dark 
  brownish 
  red 
  coarse 
  

   clay 
  containing 
  small 
  stones 
  and 
  bits 
  of 
  broken 
  shells 
  (Cyprina 
  

   islandica 
  and 
  Astarte 
  borealis). 
  This 
  portion 
  shows 
  no 
  distinct 
  lam- 
  

   ination 
  or 
  stratification, 
  but 
  contains 
  irregular 
  films 
  and 
  nests 
  of 
  

   sand, 
  and 
  is 
  hard, 
  tough, 
  and 
  compact 
  in 
  texture. 
  The 
  stones 
  in 
  it 
  

   are 
  chiefly 
  of 
  granite 
  and 
  quartz 
  ; 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  also 
  some 
  bits 
  of 
  

   yellow 
  limestone 
  such 
  as 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  gravel. 
  

  

  This 
  variety 
  of 
  clay 
  does 
  not 
  seem 
  to 
  extend 
  continuously 
  along 
  

   the 
  bank, 
  but 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  confined 
  to 
  a 
  small 
  spot, 
  as 
  if 
  some 
  

   frozen 
  mass 
  of 
  pebbly 
  shelly 
  stuff 
  had 
  been 
  dropped 
  here 
  amongst 
  

   the 
  fine 
  red 
  mud. 
  

  

  Discussion. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  De 
  Rance 
  was 
  unable 
  to 
  understand 
  how 
  Red-Crag 
  shells 
  

   could 
  have 
  been 
  preserved 
  in 
  glacial 
  drift. 
  He 
  disagreed 
  with 
  those 
  

   who 
  do 
  not 
  admit 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  southern 
  species 
  living 
  on 
  in 
  the 
  

   seas 
  of 
  the 
  Glacial 
  period. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  R. 
  Bell 
  remarked 
  that 
  Tellina 
  balthica 
  had 
  never 
  been 
  found 
  

   in 
  any 
  southern 
  Crag 
  locality 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  very 
  remarkable 
  to 
  find 
  

   it 
  in 
  any 
  deposit 
  containing 
  undoubted 
  Crag 
  shells. 
  

  

  Prof, 
  Judd 
  stated 
  that 
  the 
  author 
  had 
  pointed 
  out 
  that 
  Tellina 
  

   balthica 
  may 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  accumulation 
  of 
  the 
  gravels, 
  

   while 
  the 
  other 
  shells 
  are 
  derived 
  ; 
  or 
  the 
  shell 
  may 
  have 
  lived 
  in 
  

   northern 
  regions 
  in 
  Crag 
  times, 
  though 
  it 
  did 
  not 
  flourish 
  in 
  more 
  

   southerly 
  seas. 
  

  

  