﻿194 
  D. 
  MACKINTOSH 
  ON 
  HIGH-LEVEL 
  

  

  stance 
  in 
  itself 
  extremely 
  unlikely) 
  I 
  wrote 
  to 
  Mr. 
  John 
  Parry, 
  

   parish 
  clerk 
  of 
  Aber, 
  who, 
  being 
  a 
  very 
  old 
  man, 
  was 
  able 
  to 
  assure 
  

   me 
  that 
  the 
  stones 
  composing 
  the 
  cairn 
  were 
  all 
  gathered 
  from 
  the 
  

   flat 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  mountain, 
  none 
  of 
  them 
  having 
  come 
  from 
  a 
  

   greater 
  distance 
  than 
  fifty 
  yards. 
  Though 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  specimens 
  

   somewhat 
  resembled 
  Mourne-mountain 
  granite 
  (chips 
  of 
  which 
  had 
  

   been 
  kindly 
  sent 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  Professor 
  Hull), 
  I 
  believe 
  that 
  most 
  if 
  

   not 
  all 
  of 
  them 
  came 
  from 
  Scotland. 
  I 
  was 
  sufficiently 
  familiar 
  

   with 
  Eskdale 
  granite 
  in 
  situ 
  to 
  be 
  convinced 
  that 
  none 
  of 
  them 
  came 
  

   from 
  that 
  quarter. 
  

  

  Were 
  the 
  Boulders 
  transported 
  by 
  Glaciers 
  or 
  Floating 
  lee 
  ? 
  — 
  A 
  

   little 
  consideration 
  will 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  granite 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  been 
  

   brought 
  to 
  Moel 
  Wnion 
  from 
  Scotland 
  by 
  land-ice 
  if 
  Cumberland 
  

   at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  sent 
  off 
  glaciers 
  W.S.W. 
  over 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Man 
  and 
  

   (according 
  to 
  Professor 
  Ramsay) 
  S.S.W. 
  over 
  Anglesey, 
  unless 
  we 
  

   can 
  believe 
  that 
  the 
  Scotch 
  glacier, 
  on 
  its 
  way 
  S. 
  to 
  Moel 
  Wnion, 
  

   crossed 
  the 
  Cumberland 
  glaciers 
  on 
  their 
  way 
  to 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  Man 
  

   and 
  Anglesey, 
  a 
  feat 
  which 
  is 
  clearly 
  beyond 
  the 
  power 
  of 
  glaciers 
  

   to 
  perform. 
  To 
  the 
  objection 
  that 
  the 
  glaciers 
  may 
  not 
  have 
  flowed 
  

   in 
  the 
  above 
  directions 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  answered 
  that 
  

   the 
  south 
  of 
  Scotland 
  and 
  Cumberland 
  are 
  situated 
  too 
  near 
  to 
  each 
  

   other 
  to 
  admit 
  of 
  the 
  supposition 
  that 
  they 
  were 
  glaciated 
  at 
  different 
  

   periods. 
  That 
  land-ice 
  from 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Scotland 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  

   brought 
  the 
  Moel- 
  Wnion 
  granite 
  boulders 
  is 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  

   statements 
  made 
  by 
  Ramsay 
  in 
  the 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  vol. 
  

   xxxii. 
  p. 
  118, 
  to 
  the 
  effect 
  that 
  the 
  land-ice 
  from 
  the 
  N.W. 
  slopes 
  

   of 
  the 
  Snowdon 
  group 
  of 
  mountains 
  never 
  quite 
  reached 
  the 
  region 
  

   now 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  Menai 
  Strait, 
  but 
  spread 
  along 
  the 
  seaward 
  

   slopes 
  of 
  Moel 
  Wnion, 
  and 
  across 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Aber 
  valley 
  

   towards 
  Penmaenmawr. 
  In 
  this 
  case 
  the 
  stream 
  of 
  land-ice 
  from 
  

   Snowdon 
  would 
  have 
  protected 
  Moel 
  Wnion 
  from 
  any 
  stream 
  

   flowing 
  from 
  the 
  north. 
  It 
  may 
  therefore 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  almost, 
  if 
  

   not 
  quite, 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  granite 
  boulders 
  on 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  Moel 
  

   Wnion 
  (1900 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  present 
  sea-level) 
  were 
  brought 
  by 
  

   floating 
  ice 
  when 
  the 
  mountain 
  was 
  completely 
  submerged; 
  and 
  

   this 
  accords 
  with 
  the 
  level 
  at 
  which 
  Arenig 
  boulders 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  

   the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Dee, 
  where 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  none 
  

   higher 
  up 
  than 
  about 
  1900 
  feet*. 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  directions 
  of 
  numerous 
  strise 
  along 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  North 
  

   Wales, 
  as 
  ascertained 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Strahan, 
  of 
  H. 
  M. 
  Geological 
  Survey, 
  

   it 
  is 
  obvious 
  that 
  the 
  mountainous 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  was 
  never 
  

   invaded 
  by 
  land-ice 
  from 
  Scotland 
  or 
  Cumberland. 
  

  

  VII. 
  Summary 
  of 
  Facts 
  and 
  Inferences. 
  

  

  In 
  speculating 
  on 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  high-level 
  marine 
  drifts 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  in 
  this 
  and 
  in 
  previous 
  papers, 
  the 
  following 
  facts 
  and 
  infer- 
  

   ences 
  ought 
  to 
  be 
  duly 
  taken 
  into 
  consideration 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  * 
  It 
  does 
  not, 
  however, 
  necessarily 
  follow 
  that 
  North 
  Wales 
  may 
  not 
  hare 
  

   been 
  submerged 
  to 
  a 
  still 
  greater 
  vertical 
  extent 
  during 
  some 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  glacial 
  

   period. 
  

  

  