﻿222 
  T. 
  M. 
  EEADE 
  ON 
  THE 
  CHALK- 
  MASSES 
  

  

  24. 
  On 
  the 
  Chalk-masses 
  or 
  Bottldebs 
  included 
  in 
  the 
  Contoeted 
  

   Dkift 
  of 
  Cromek, 
  their 
  Oeigin 
  and 
  Mode 
  of 
  Transport. 
  

   By 
  T. 
  Mellaed 
  Beade, 
  Esq., 
  C.E., 
  P.G.S. 
  (Bead 
  January 
  11, 
  

   1882.) 
  

  

  Though 
  for 
  many 
  years 
  engaged 
  in 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  Drift, 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  

   until 
  the 
  summer 
  of 
  last 
  year 
  that 
  I 
  found 
  my 
  way 
  to 
  the 
  cliffs 
  of 
  

   Cromer. 
  

  

  The 
  sections 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  along 
  the 
  Cromer 
  coast 
  have 
  formed 
  a 
  

   stock 
  subject 
  with 
  geologists 
  since 
  B. 
  C. 
  Taylor, 
  in 
  1827*, 
  and 
  

   Lyell, 
  in 
  1810f, 
  wrote 
  upon 
  them. 
  Nevertheless 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  

   likely 
  to 
  lose 
  their 
  interest 
  ; 
  for 
  the 
  phenomena 
  they 
  present 
  are 
  

   so 
  strange 
  and 
  striking, 
  and 
  so 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  usual 
  run 
  of 
  drift 
  sections, 
  

   that 
  he 
  would 
  be 
  a 
  very 
  unimaginative 
  geologist 
  who 
  failed 
  to 
  be 
  

   impressed 
  by 
  them. 
  

  

  Since 
  my 
  return 
  I 
  have 
  looked 
  up 
  the 
  literature 
  of 
  the 
  subject. 
  

   Perhaps 
  I 
  ought 
  to 
  have 
  done 
  so 
  first 
  : 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  certain 
  advan- 
  

   tage 
  in 
  one's 
  mind 
  being 
  as 
  a 
  blank 
  sheet 
  ; 
  for 
  then 
  the 
  impressions 
  

   come 
  direct 
  through 
  one's 
  own 
  eyes 
  instead 
  of 
  being 
  coloured 
  by 
  

   the 
  views 
  of 
  others. 
  

  

  The 
  result 
  of 
  this 
  examination 
  leads 
  me 
  to 
  think 
  there 
  is 
  still 
  

   room 
  for 
  further 
  description, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  for 
  a 
  reconsideration 
  of 
  the 
  

   origin 
  and 
  mode 
  of 
  transport 
  of 
  the 
  so-called 
  " 
  Boulders," 
  or 
  

   Chalk-masses 
  — 
  a 
  question 
  that 
  has 
  been 
  so 
  far, 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  me, 
  

   treated 
  in 
  a 
  very 
  general, 
  cursory, 
  or 
  inadequate 
  manner. 
  

  

  The 
  term 
  "Boulder" 
  is, 
  of 
  course, 
  used 
  by 
  writers 
  in 
  its 
  

   geological 
  sense 
  of 
  a 
  transported 
  mass 
  ; 
  but 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  vernacular 
  it 
  

   means 
  a 
  rounded 
  and 
  waterworn 
  stone, 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  term 
  is 
  very 
  

   likely, 
  without 
  due 
  warning, 
  to 
  create 
  an 
  image 
  of 
  something 
  very 
  

   different 
  from 
  what 
  the 
  Norfolk 
  cliffs 
  disclose. 
  

  

  As 
  my 
  object 
  is 
  not 
  to 
  reiterate, 
  but 
  rather 
  to 
  supplement 
  the 
  ob- 
  

   servations 
  of 
  preceding 
  geologists, 
  I 
  purpose 
  to 
  confine 
  myself 
  as 
  

   closely 
  as 
  possible 
  to 
  what 
  I 
  have 
  personally 
  seen 
  and 
  inferences 
  

   therefrom, 
  only 
  incidentally 
  discussing, 
  as 
  occasion 
  arises, 
  the 
  various 
  

   theories 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  that 
  have 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  been 
  broached^. 
  

  

  * 
  " 
  On 
  the 
  Geology 
  of 
  East 
  Norfolk," 
  Phil. 
  Mag. 
  April, 
  May, 
  June, 
  October, 
  

   and 
  November, 
  1827. 
  

  

  t 
  " 
  On 
  the 
  Boulder 
  Formation 
  of 
  Eastern 
  Norfolk," 
  Phil. 
  Mag. 
  May 
  1840. 
  

  

  \ 
  The 
  following 
  are 
  references 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  principal 
  writings 
  relating 
  to 
  

   the 
  subject 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  those 
  before 
  quoted 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Lyell's 
  'Elements 
  of 
  Geology,' 
  2nd. 
  ed., 
  1841, 
  vol. 
  i., 
  "On 
  Norfolk 
  Drift," 
  

   pp. 
  226-236. 
  

  

  " 
  Erratics 
  of 
  Norfolk," 
  &c, 
  Trimmer, 
  Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  1851, 
  

   pp. 
  19-38. 
  

  

  " 
  Lincolnshire 
  Drift," 
  Morris, 
  Q, 
  J. 
  G. 
  S. 
  1853, 
  p. 
  320. 
  

  

  On 
  a 
  " 
  Section 
  at 
  Litcham," 
  S. 
  V. 
  Wood, 
  Junr., 
  Q. 
  J. 
  G. 
  S. 
  1867, 
  pp. 
  84-87. 
  

  

  ' 
  Memoirs 
  of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  of 
  England', 
  1875, 
  " 
  Geology 
  of 
  Rut- 
  

   land," 
  Judd, 
  pp. 
  245-249. 
  

  

  Ditto, 
  ditto, 
  " 
  Geology 
  of 
  the 
  Fenland," 
  Skertchley, 
  1877, 
  pp. 
  236-241. 
  

  

  