﻿OF 
  THE 
  FIFESHIRE 
  COAL-MEASURES. 
  249 
  

  

  at 
  extreme 
  low 
  water 
  the 
  upper 
  seam 
  passes 
  into 
  black-band 
  iron- 
  

   stone, 
  eight 
  inches 
  thick, 
  and 
  charged 
  abundantly 
  with 
  the 
  carapace- 
  

   valves 
  of 
  Leaia 
  and 
  other 
  Entomostraca. 
  These 
  are 
  the 
  only 
  car- 
  

   bonaceous 
  and 
  ferruginous 
  beds 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  whole 
  

   section 
  from 
  the 
  Leven 
  to 
  East 
  Wemyss, 
  nothing 
  so 
  black 
  being 
  

   again 
  met 
  with 
  until 
  the 
  ordinary 
  coal 
  strata 
  are 
  reached 
  beneath 
  

   and 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  thick 
  red 
  sandstone 
  at 
  the 
  last-named 
  place. 
  

  

  Palceontology 
  of 
  the 
  Beds 
  west 
  of 
  Meihil. 
  — 
  The 
  highest 
  bed 
  in 
  

   which 
  we 
  have 
  detected 
  fossils 
  is 
  the 
  shale 
  No. 
  12 
  (see 
  detailed 
  

   section, 
  p. 
  253), 
  30 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  West 
  Beacon, 
  which 
  contains 
  

   Stigmarian 
  rootlets. 
  

  

  Id 
  the 
  marl 
  No. 
  16 
  there 
  occur 
  imperfect 
  specimens 
  of 
  Neurop- 
  

   teris 
  sp., 
  Lepidodendron 
  sp., 
  and 
  large 
  fern-stems. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  red 
  marl 
  and 
  shale 
  No. 
  24 
  there 
  are 
  abundant 
  but 
  very 
  

   imperfect 
  remains 
  of 
  an 
  AletJiopteris 
  (leaflets 
  nearly 
  of 
  equal 
  size, 
  

   strong 
  midrib, 
  with 
  nervures 
  nearly 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  it). 
  

  

  Bed 
  No. 
  26 
  contains 
  Catamites, 
  Stigmarian 
  rootlets, 
  and 
  other 
  

   obscure 
  remains 
  of 
  plants. 
  

  

  The 
  next 
  fossiliferous 
  zone 
  is 
  the 
  roof 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  thin 
  coal, 
  

   which 
  has 
  yielded 
  the 
  following 
  species 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Ctenacanthus 
  hybodoides, 
  Egerton. 
  ] 
  

  

  Megalichthys 
  Hibberti, 
  Ag., 
  teeth. 
  I 
  Fish. 
  

  

  Strepsodus 
  sauroides, 
  Huxl., 
  teeth. 
  J 
  

  

  Bellinurus 
  trilobitoides, 
  Kbnig. 
  

  

  Eurypterus 
  mammatus, 
  Salter. 
  ■ 
  Crustacea. 
  

  

  Prestwichia 
  anthrax, 
  H. 
  Woodward. 
  

  

  Anthracomya, 
  sp. 
  nov. 
  ? 
  

  

  Annularia 
  longifolia, 
  Brongn. 
  

  

  Calamites 
  Suckovii, 
  Brongn. 
  

  

  Cordaites, 
  sp. 
  

  

  ^tu"ir' 
  Br<m9n 
  - 
  } 
  = 
  * 
  °bovatu 
  m 
  , 
  flto* 
  

  

  Lepidophyllum 
  lanceolatum, 
  Lindl. 
  

  

  Lepidostrobus 
  variabilis, 
  Lindl. 
  

  

  Sternbergia 
  approximata, 
  Brongn. 
  

  

  Sigillaria 
  pachyderma 
  ? 
  Brongn. 
  

  

  Sphenophyllum 
  erosum, 
  Lindl. 
  

  

  Trigonocarpon 
  dubium 
  (Sternb.). 
  

  

  Finely 
  striated 
  stems 
  = 
  Diploxylon 
  elegans?, 
  Corda. 
  

  

  Alethopteris 
  lonchitica, 
  Brongn. 
  

  

  Neuropteris 
  auriculata, 
  Brongn. 
  

  

  Pecopteris, 
  sp. 
  

  

  Sphenopteris 
  latifolia, 
  Lindl. 
  

  

  Algae 
  — 
  or 
  rootlets. 
  

  

  The 
  above 
  fossils 
  are 
  all 
  found 
  within 
  six 
  or 
  eight 
  inches 
  of 
  the 
  

   coal. 
  The 
  fish, 
  crustacean, 
  and 
  molluscan 
  remains 
  are 
  intermixed 
  

   with 
  the 
  plants. 
  The 
  animal 
  remains 
  occur 
  rarely 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  plants 
  

   are 
  so 
  numerous 
  in 
  some 
  places 
  as 
  to 
  quite 
  blacken 
  the 
  shale. 
  None 
  

   of 
  the 
  species 
  are 
  in 
  good 
  preservation 
  ; 
  and 
  on 
  this 
  account 
  some 
  are 
  

   only 
  doubtfully 
  determined. 
  The 
  most 
  remarkable 
  fossil 
  of 
  this 
  

   group 
  of 
  species 
  is 
  that 
  doubtfully 
  referred 
  to 
  Algae, 
  which 
  may 
  

   possibly 
  belong 
  to 
  an 
  unknown 
  form 
  of 
  rootlet, 
  and 
  which 
  will 
  be 
  

   afterwards 
  more 
  fully 
  referred 
  to 
  (p. 
  251). 
  

  

  The 
  coal 
  itself 
  contains 
  many 
  large 
  stems, 
  flattened 
  and 
  coarsely 
  

  

  