﻿SILURIAN 
  EOCES 
  OJP 
  SCANDINAVIA. 
  321 
  

  

  either 
  the 
  same 
  or 
  very 
  closely 
  allied, 
  as 
  shown 
  by 
  Linnarsson 
  in 
  his 
  

   description 
  of 
  the 
  geology 
  of 
  Westrogothia 
  ; 
  moreover 
  the 
  character- 
  

   istic 
  Graptolite 
  of 
  the 
  Swedish 
  Trinucleus-shales, 
  as 
  of 
  the 
  Kraluv 
  

   Dvur 
  shales, 
  is 
  Dicellograptus 
  anceps. 
  

  

  The 
  Beyrichia-limestone 
  of 
  Westrogothia, 
  which 
  contains 
  Chas- 
  

   mops, 
  perhaps 
  continued 
  forming 
  after 
  the 
  Cystidean 
  limestone 
  of 
  

   Dalecarlia 
  had 
  ceased 
  to 
  be 
  deposited, 
  as 
  the 
  former 
  is 
  immediately 
  

   surmounted 
  by 
  the 
  Trinucleus-shales. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Christiania 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  Trinucleus-shales, 
  

   but 
  the 
  highest 
  Cambrian 
  beds 
  consist 
  of 
  limestones. 
  

  

  The 
  highest 
  beds 
  of 
  the 
  Cambrian 
  series 
  occur 
  in 
  Ostrogothia, 
  

   "Westrogothia, 
  and 
  Scania. 
  They 
  o 
  are 
  the 
  green 
  Sphgerexochus-shales, 
  

   the 
  blue 
  shales 
  of 
  Mosseberg 
  .and 
  Allebergin 
  Westrogothia, 
  of 
  Borens- 
  

   hult 
  in 
  Ostrogothia, 
  and 
  of 
  Eostanga 
  in 
  Scania, 
  and 
  the 
  gritty 
  beds 
  of 
  

   Mosseberg 
  with 
  Trinucleus. 
  These 
  beds 
  are 
  in 
  lithological 
  character 
  

   quite 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  Ashgill 
  shales 
  of 
  the 
  Lake-district, 
  and 
  their 
  

   faunas 
  are 
  similar. 
  Common 
  to 
  the 
  two 
  are 
  Turrilepas 
  sp., 
  Bey 
  vi- 
  

   dua 
  n. 
  sp., 
  PJiacqps 
  eucentra, 
  Ang.*, 
  Cybele, 
  Orthis 
  testudinaria, 
  

   Holopea 
  concinna. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Tornqvist 
  identified 
  the 
  Brachiopod-beds 
  of 
  Sweden 
  with 
  the 
  

   Ashgill 
  shales, 
  but 
  included 
  beds 
  which 
  I 
  would 
  refer 
  to 
  the 
  base 
  

   of 
  the 
  Silurian 
  system. 
  

  

  The 
  beds 
  with 
  PJiacqps 
  eucentra 
  arc 
  probably 
  the 
  equivalents 
  of 
  

   the 
  Kosov 
  grits 
  of 
  D. 
  5 
  in 
  Bohemia. 
  

  

  We 
  are 
  now 
  in 
  a 
  position 
  to 
  consider 
  the 
  break 
  between 
  the 
  Cam- 
  

   brian 
  and 
  Silurian 
  systems, 
  as 
  marked 
  in 
  Scandinavia. 
  

  

  The 
  highest 
  Cambrian 
  beds 
  of 
  Sweden 
  are 
  the 
  PJiacqps- 
  eucentra 
  

   group, 
  as 
  seen 
  in 
  Mosseberg 
  &c. 
  They 
  are 
  divisible 
  into 
  three 
  

   groups— 
  an 
  upper 
  gritty 
  one, 
  a 
  middle 
  one 
  of 
  blue 
  flags, 
  and 
  the 
  

   lower 
  green 
  Sphgerexochus-shales. 
  In 
  Ostrogothia, 
  at 
  Basnaset, 
  the 
  

   two 
  upper 
  groups 
  have 
  disappeared, 
  and 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Silurian 
  

   reposes 
  upon 
  the 
  Sphaerexochus- 
  shales. 
  In 
  Dalecarlia 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  

   representative 
  of 
  the 
  Phacops-eucentra 
  beds, 
  and 
  the 
  Trinucleus- 
  

   shales 
  are 
  immediately 
  succeeded 
  by 
  Silurian 
  beds. 
  At 
  Christiania 
  

   the 
  Trinucleus-shales 
  themselves 
  are 
  absent, 
  and 
  the 
  Silurian 
  base- 
  

   ment 
  rocks 
  repose 
  upon 
  limestones 
  with 
  Chasmops, 
  which 
  may, 
  

   however, 
  partly 
  represent 
  Trinucleus-shales, 
  Where 
  the 
  junction 
  

   between 
  the 
  Silurian 
  and 
  Cambrian 
  is 
  seen, 
  it 
  is 
  usually 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  

   an 
  uneven 
  one, 
  even 
  where 
  the 
  highest 
  Cambrian 
  beds 
  are 
  seen 
  

   near 
  Falkoping 
  ; 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  whole 
  evidence 
  is 
  in 
  favour 
  of 
  an 
  un- 
  

   conformity. 
  

  

  The 
  highest 
  beds 
  of 
  the 
  Cambrian 
  are 
  laminated 
  false-bedded 
  

   grits, 
  showing 
  shallow-water 
  conditions. 
  The 
  physical 
  break 
  is 
  

   accompanied 
  by 
  a 
  palaeontological 
  one, 
  as 
  admitted 
  by 
  Swedish 
  

   palaeontologists. 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  Phacojis 
  eucentra 
  of 
  Angelin 
  Was 
  founded 
  on 
  specimens 
  from 
  the 
  blue 
  

   shales 
  of 
  Itostanga 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  every 
  respect 
  identical 
  with 
  the 
  PJiacops 
  of 
  the 
  

   Ashgill 
  shales 
  (cf. 
  Q. 
  ,T. 
  G. 
  S. 
  1878. 
  p. 
  884), 
  which 
  I 
  referred 
  to 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  P. 
  

   mucronaties, 
  stating 
  that 
  it 
  would 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  ultimately 
  separated. 
  The 
  true 
  P. 
  

   mucronatus 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Brachiopod-beds 
  of 
  Westrogothia. 
  

  

  