﻿410 
  E. 
  F. 
  TOMES 
  ON 
  LOWEE-OOLITE 
  HADEEP0KAB1A. 
  

  

  old 
  calice 
  by 
  a 
  footstalk 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  calice, 
  

   or 
  on 
  one 
  side. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  first 
  case, 
  that 
  is 
  when 
  central, 
  only 
  the 
  septa 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  

   rank 
  pass 
  over, 
  and 
  they 
  pass 
  equally 
  on 
  all 
  sides 
  into 
  the 
  new 
  calice. 
  

   In 
  the 
  second, 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  opposite 
  to 
  the 
  one 
  where 
  the 
  constriction 
  

   has 
  taken 
  place, 
  all 
  the 
  septa 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  individual 
  pass 
  into 
  the 
  

   new 
  one, 
  whilst 
  on 
  the 
  constricted 
  side 
  only 
  the 
  septa 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  

   rank 
  pass 
  in. 
  

  

  This 
  process, 
  M. 
  ITilaschewitsch 
  observes, 
  has 
  the 
  greatest 
  relation- 
  

   ship 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  division, 
  because 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  organs 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  in- 
  

   dividual 
  pass 
  into 
  the 
  young 
  one, 
  though 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  

   number 
  of 
  individuals. 
  From 
  calicicular 
  budding 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  distinct 
  ; 
  

   for 
  where 
  that 
  takes 
  place 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  individual 
  

   occurs, 
  and 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  entirely 
  new 
  ones 
  take 
  its 
  place. 
  This 
  is 
  

   the 
  case 
  with 
  the 
  liugosa 
  : 
  but 
  it 
  must 
  not 
  be 
  confounded 
  with 
  

   rejuvenescence, 
  as 
  explained 
  in 
  the 
  paper 
  I 
  have 
  here 
  referred 
  to. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  important 
  paper, 
  and 
  in 
  one 
  which 
  accompanies 
  it 
  by 
  Dr. 
  

   E. 
  Becker, 
  the 
  structure 
  and 
  natural 
  affinities 
  of 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  obscure 
  

   Madreporarian 
  forms 
  are 
  examined, 
  and 
  their 
  relations 
  made 
  clear. 
  

  

  When 
  drawing 
  up 
  descriptions 
  of 
  corals, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  when 
  

   applying 
  published 
  descriptions 
  to 
  the 
  specimens 
  themselves, 
  I 
  have 
  

   often 
  found 
  occasion 
  to 
  regret 
  that 
  the 
  reference 
  to 
  one 
  part 
  of 
  their 
  

   structure 
  was 
  not 
  more 
  descriptive 
  and 
  exact. 
  The 
  costce 
  are 
  met 
  

   with 
  on 
  such 
  very 
  different 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  corallum, 
  and 
  are 
  them- 
  

   selves 
  so 
  variable 
  in 
  character, 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  past, 
  for 
  

   my 
  own 
  convenience, 
  classified 
  them 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Mural 
  costce, 
  or 
  those 
  which 
  appear 
  on 
  the 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  corallum, 
  

   whether 
  it 
  be 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  simple 
  or 
  compound 
  species, 
  as, 
  for 
  

   instance, 
  in 
  Parasmilia 
  or 
  Latimceanclra. 
  

   Septal 
  costa?,, 
  or 
  those 
  which 
  are 
  a 
  continuation 
  of 
  the 
  septa, 
  and 
  

   not 
  distinguishable 
  from 
  them, 
  as 
  in 
  Thamnastrcea 
  and 
  Ifolo- 
  

   ccenia. 
  

   Intercalicular 
  costce, 
  or 
  those 
  which 
  cover 
  the 
  ccenenchyma 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  the 
  calices 
  of 
  some 
  compound 
  species, 
  as 
  in 
  Sty 
  Una 
  

   and 
  Cyaihopliora. 
  

   The 
  first 
  of 
  these, 
  the 
  mural 
  costae, 
  appear 
  on 
  the 
  basal 
  wall 
  or 
  plate 
  

   which, 
  in 
  many 
  compound 
  species, 
  is 
  common 
  to 
  several 
  corallites, 
  

   and 
  on 
  the 
  investing 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  simple 
  forms. 
  In 
  either 
  case 
  they 
  

   hold 
  a 
  distinct 
  and 
  very 
  close 
  relationship 
  with 
  the 
  wall. 
  But 
  the 
  

   only 
  connexion 
  which 
  the 
  second 
  kind 
  of 
  eostaa 
  hold 
  with 
  the 
  wall 
  

   is 
  by 
  passing 
  over 
  its 
  superior 
  margin 
  transversely 
  onto 
  the 
  exotheca 
  ; 
  

   while 
  the 
  third 
  kind 
  of 
  costae 
  do 
  not 
  necessarily 
  come 
  into 
  contact 
  

   with 
  the 
  wall 
  at 
  all, 
  and 
  if 
  they 
  do, 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  one 
  end 
  which 
  abuts 
  

   against 
  it. 
  But, 
  indeed, 
  the 
  intercalicular 
  costse 
  are 
  often 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  by 
  tubercles 
  or 
  papillae, 
  which 
  perhaps 
  may 
  not 
  be 
  costaa 
  at 
  

   all. 
  No 
  precise 
  name 
  has 
  yet, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  know, 
  been 
  given 
  to 
  these 
  

   varieties 
  of 
  costae, 
  except 
  those 
  I 
  have 
  here 
  called 
  the 
  septal 
  costae, 
  

   which 
  are 
  usually 
  spoken 
  of 
  in 
  connexion 
  with 
  the 
  septa 
  as 
  the 
  

   septo-costal 
  rays, 
  a 
  name 
  which 
  is 
  very 
  objectionable, 
  as 
  not, 
  in 
  some 
  

   instances, 
  applying 
  to 
  the 
  parts 
  under 
  consideration. 
  For 
  instance, 
  in 
  

  

  