﻿FOSSILS 
  PROM 
  EASTERN 
  RUSSIA. 
  

  

  495 
  

  

  and 
  Zygosaurus. 
  This 
  appeared 
  in 
  the 
  Moscow 
  Society's 
  Bulletin 
  

   for 
  that 
  year 
  (Part 
  ii. 
  pp. 
  136-202).. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  same 
  year 
  Wangenheim 
  von 
  Qualen 
  wrote 
  a 
  further 
  paper, 
  

   " 
  Beitrage 
  und 
  Erganzungen 
  zu 
  den 
  geologischen 
  Yerhaltnissen 
  des 
  

   Orenburgischen 
  Gouvernements,*' 
  &c. 
  (See 
  the 
  Moscow 
  Bulletin 
  

   1848, 
  Part 
  ii. 
  pp. 
  372-441). 
  

  

  In 
  1862 
  he 
  wrote 
  " 
  Einige 
  Bemerkungen 
  iiber 
  die 
  geologischen 
  

   Beobachtungen 
  in 
  Russland 
  insbesondere 
  im 
  Ural 
  von 
  R. 
  Ludwig,'' 
  

   in 
  which 
  he 
  contests 
  Ludwig's 
  statement 
  of 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  Trias 
  

   in 
  jSTorthern 
  and 
  Central 
  Russia. 
  (See 
  Mosc. 
  Bull. 
  1862, 
  Part 
  i. 
  

   pp. 
  608-627.) 
  

  

  In 
  1864 
  he 
  again 
  wrote 
  on 
  Marcou's 
  ' 
  Dyas 
  et 
  Trias 
  (en 
  Russie)/ 
  

   deprecating 
  that 
  author's 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  cupriferous 
  marls 
  and 
  

   sandstones 
  of 
  Orenburg 
  and 
  Bielebee 
  as 
  Bunter. 
  (See 
  Mosc. 
  Bull. 
  

   1864, 
  Part 
  i. 
  pp. 
  172-189.) 
  

  

  Ludwig, 
  in 
  ' 
  Geinitz's 
  Dyas,' 
  describes 
  the 
  Russian 
  Permian 
  at 
  

   some 
  length. 
  Speaking 
  of 
  the 
  Kargalinsk 
  sandstones 
  (vol. 
  i. 
  p. 
  300), 
  

   he 
  suggests 
  that 
  "it 
  is 
  not 
  clear, 
  from 
  Murchison's 
  description, 
  

   whether 
  the 
  cupriferous 
  -sand 
  ores 
  of 
  Kargalinsk, 
  in 
  which 
  silicified 
  

   wood, 
  plant-impressions, 
  Palceoniscus, 
  and 
  bones 
  of 
  Saurians 
  are 
  

   found, 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  Rothliegende 
  or 
  to 
  the 
  beds 
  which, 
  at 
  Mjni 
  

   Troitsk, 
  overlie 
  the 
  Upper 
  Zechstein." 
  Referring 
  to 
  the 
  Russian 
  Per- 
  

   mian 
  as 
  a 
  whole, 
  he 
  says 
  (p. 
  304) 
  " 
  the 
  upper 
  fluviatile 
  or 
  lacustrine 
  

   group, 
  with 
  Uniones, 
  plants, 
  and 
  bones 
  of 
  Saurians, 
  must 
  in 
  the 
  

   interim 
  be 
  placed 
  somewhere 
  between 
  the 
  Palaeozoic 
  and 
  Mesozoic 
  

   formations, 
  or 
  as 
  comparable 
  with 
  the 
  Yogesen-Sandstone 
  of 
  Sulz- 
  

   bach." 
  

  

  Goppert 
  describes 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  plant-remains 
  in 
  his 
  ' 
  Fossil 
  Flora 
  

   of 
  the 
  Permian 
  system.' 
  

  

  The 
  difficulty 
  of 
  correlating 
  the 
  organic 
  remains 
  with 
  Permian 
  

   forms 
  of 
  Western 
  Europe 
  consists 
  in 
  the 
  circumstance 
  that 
  for 
  the 
  

   most 
  part 
  they 
  are 
  specifically 
  distinct, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  generically 
  

   so. 
  The 
  latest 
  and 
  most 
  complete 
  list 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  verify 
  is 
  

   as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Calamites 
  leiodenna, 
  Gutb. 
  

  

  Unio 
  umbonatus, 
  Fisch. 
  

  

  Platyops 
  K.ickardi, 
  Tw., 
  a 
  Labyrinth 
  o- 
  

  

  clont. 
  

   Khopalodon 
  Wangen- 
  ^ 
  

  

  heimii, 
  Fisck., 
  | 
  T1 
  . 
  

  

  Cliorhizodon 
  orenburgen- 
  V 
  i* 
  311 
  ?" 
  

  

  sis, 
  Tw., 
  | 
  donts 
  - 
  

  

  Deuterosaurus, 
  J 
  

  

  Various 
  labyrinth 
  odont 
  and 
  reptilian 
  

  

  remains. 
  

  

  As 
  regards 
  the 
  flora 
  the 
  list 
  has 
  a 
  Palaeozoic 
  aspect, 
  but 
  a 
  

   Secondary 
  one 
  as 
  respects 
  the 
  reptilian 
  remains. 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  that 
  the 
  

   survival 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  and 
  more 
  persistent 
  forms 
  should 
  count 
  for 
  less 
  

   than 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  new 
  ones. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  the 
  

   genetic 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  reptilia 
  may 
  need 
  pushing 
  back 
  a 
  stage 
  

   further 
  in 
  time. 
  

  

  Cardiopteris 
  Kutorgre, 
  Trautsch,= 
  

  

  Aroides 
  crassispatha, 
  Kut. 
  

   Walchia 
  biarmica 
  {Eichw.). 
  

   Walchia 
  piniformis, 
  Stcrnb. 
  

   Lepid 
  odendron. 
  

  

  Scbizodendron 
  tuberculatum, 
  Eichw. 
  

   Anomorrhcea 
  Fischer 
  i, 
  Eichw. 
  

   Caulopteris 
  ? 
  

   Calamites 
  infractus, 
  Gutb. 
  

  

  Siickowi, 
  Brongn. 
  

  

  gigas, 
  ~ 
  

  

  