﻿496 
  W. 
  H. 
  TWELVETREES 
  01ST 
  UPPER 
  PERMIAN 
  

  

  Gardiopteris 
  Kutorg^e, 
  Trautschold, 
  = 
  Aroides 
  crassispatha. 
  

  

  Kutorga. 
  

  

  Kutorga, 
  in 
  1838, 
  attributed 
  these 
  leaves 
  to 
  an 
  Aroid 
  plant. 
  

   Eichwald 
  (Leth. 
  Boss, 
  i. 
  p. 
  253, 
  tab. 
  xiii. 
  figs. 
  1, 
  3, 
  tab. 
  xvii. 
  fig. 
  2) 
  

   referred 
  the 
  bud 
  to 
  Noeggeratliia 
  Goepperti, 
  " 
  gemma 
  ovalis 
  e 
  foliis 
  

   convolutis 
  ovatis 
  fiabellatim 
  nervosis 
  composita." 
  Goppert 
  (Foss. 
  

   Flora 
  d. 
  perm. 
  Format, 
  pp. 
  154, 
  157, 
  tab. 
  lxii. 
  figs. 
  1, 
  2) 
  thought 
  

   the 
  bud 
  belonged 
  to 
  the 
  Musaceae, 
  and 
  the 
  leaf 
  to 
  Noeggeratliia. 
  

   Dr. 
  Trautschold 
  has 
  pointed 
  out 
  to 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  reference 
  to 
  Musaceae 
  

   cannot 
  be 
  correct, 
  as 
  a 
  midrib 
  is 
  not 
  present. 
  

  

  Schimper 
  (Traite 
  de 
  Pal. 
  Yeg. 
  tome 
  ii. 
  p. 
  130) 
  says 
  that 
  an 
  isolated 
  

   leaf 
  given 
  him 
  by 
  Eichwald 
  recalls 
  certain 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Pyc- 
  

   nopTiyllum, 
  Brongn. 
  The 
  venation 
  of 
  Pycnophyllvm, 
  however, 
  is 
  

   much 
  finer 
  and 
  closer, 
  besides 
  being 
  parallel. 
  Further 
  on 
  (p. 
  506) 
  

   Schimper 
  treats 
  Aroides 
  crassispatha, 
  Kut., 
  as 
  synonymous 
  with 
  

   Palceospathe 
  aroidea, 
  ling., 
  " 
  spatha 
  ovato-lanccolata, 
  marginibus 
  

   convolutis, 
  coriacea, 
  longitudinaliter 
  striata, 
  tres 
  pollices 
  longa 
  

   (Ung. 
  Gen. 
  et 
  Spec. 
  334)", 
  and 
  locates 
  these 
  leaves 
  under 
  floral 
  

   organs, 
  although 
  with 
  a 
  certain 
  degree 
  of 
  hesitation 
  ; 
  for 
  he 
  says 
  

   (p. 
  505) 
  " 
  les 
  organes 
  foliaires 
  problematiques 
  reunis 
  dans 
  ce 
  genre 
  

   ressemblent 
  asscz 
  aux 
  spathes 
  de 
  certaines 
  Monocotyledonees, 
  surtout 
  

   des 
  Palmiers, 
  pour 
  leur 
  etre 
  compares." 
  

  

  Eecently 
  Dr. 
  Trautschold 
  (Bull. 
  Mosc. 
  1881, 
  Part 
  ii. 
  pp. 
  122-124) 
  

   has 
  determined 
  it 
  as 
  a 
  Gardiopteris, 
  and 
  given 
  it 
  the 
  specific 
  name 
  

   Kutorgce. 
  It 
  is 
  true 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  venation 
  and 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  leaf 
  

   it 
  agrees 
  with 
  that 
  genus 
  ; 
  but 
  surely 
  the 
  imbricated 
  bud 
  docs 
  not 
  

   accord 
  with 
  the 
  circinate 
  vernation 
  of 
  ferns. 
  Trautschold's 
  figures 
  

   are 
  admirable 
  representations 
  of 
  the 
  leaf. 
  A 
  very 
  interesting 
  cir- 
  

   cumstance 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  this 
  leaf 
  is 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  

   found 
  in 
  the 
  Lower 
  Permian 
  sandstone 
  in 
  the 
  forest 
  of 
  Yoskresensk, 
  

   about 
  2 
  miles 
  west 
  of 
  that 
  village. 
  

  

  Schizodekdron 
  tuberculatum, 
  Eichwald,Leth. 
  Ross, 
  p. 
  266, 
  pi. 
  xviii. 
  

  

  fig. 
  10. 
  Plate 
  XX. 
  fig. 
  1. 
  

  

  This 
  was 
  treated 
  by 
  Eichwald 
  as 
  a 
  Monocotyledon. 
  Schimper 
  

   cites 
  Eichwald' 
  s 
  genera 
  Stigmatodendron, 
  Angiodendron, 
  and 
  Schi- 
  

   zodendron, 
  under 
  Tylodendron, 
  "Weiss, 
  as 
  "truncus 
  incertae 
  sedis 
  " 
  

   belonging 
  to 
  the 
  Coniferae 
  (tome 
  iii. 
  p. 
  576). 
  Goppert 
  (Foss. 
  Flora, 
  

   p. 
  139) 
  compares 
  this 
  species 
  with 
  certain 
  decorticated 
  forms 
  of 
  

   Lepidodendron. 
  I 
  think 
  it 
  may 
  prove 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  Lepidoclendroid 
  or 
  

   Sigillarian 
  root. 
  The 
  medulla 
  has 
  disappeared, 
  and 
  its 
  place 
  is 
  

   occupied 
  by 
  sandstone 
  : 
  and 
  none 
  but 
  extremely 
  slight 
  traces 
  of 
  any 
  

   ligneous 
  zone 
  are 
  observable. 
  Exteriorly 
  (on 
  one 
  side) 
  are 
  longi- 
  

   tudinal 
  ribs 
  and 
  furrows, 
  the 
  former 
  mounted 
  with 
  tubercles. 
  

   Fragments 
  of 
  a 
  gnarled 
  epidermal 
  layer 
  are 
  preserved, 
  but 
  do 
  not 
  

   exhibit 
  any 
  areolae 
  as 
  in 
  Stigmaria, 
  nor 
  do 
  the 
  projecting 
  tubercles 
  

   present 
  the 
  central 
  raised 
  ball 
  shown 
  in 
  Hdlonia. 
  Deprived 
  of 
  the 
  

   epidermis, 
  the 
  root 
  is 
  ribbed 
  and 
  furrowed 
  pretty 
  regularly. 
  I 
  have 
  

   seen 
  a 
  piece 
  of 
  Lepidodendron 
  from 
  these 
  mines 
  ; 
  but, 
  unfortunately, 
  

   it 
  is 
  now 
  out 
  of 
  reach. 
  

  

  