﻿498 
  W. 
  H. 
  TWELVETREES 
  ON 
  UPPER 
  PERMIAN 
  

  

  Walchia 
  piriformis, 
  Sternberg, 
  El. 
  d 
  Yorw. 
  i. 
  p. 
  22. 
  Plate 
  XXI. 
  

   figs. 
  4, 
  5. 
  

  

  Waechia 
  eoliosa, 
  Eichwald, 
  Leth. 
  Eoss. 
  i. 
  p, 
  235 
  t. 
  xix. 
  f. 
  1. 
  

  

  These 
  twigs 
  are 
  of 
  common 
  occurrence 
  in 
  the 
  ore. 
  They 
  are 
  found 
  

   not 
  so 
  frequently 
  in 
  the 
  sandstone 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  laminated 
  marls, 
  in 
  which 
  

   thin 
  layers 
  are 
  almost 
  entirely 
  made 
  up 
  of 
  vegetable 
  remains 
  in 
  a 
  

   confused 
  state. 
  It 
  is 
  not, 
  I 
  believe, 
  a 
  case 
  of 
  growth 
  and 
  decay 
  in 
  

   situ, 
  but 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  rather 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  drifting 
  on 
  some 
  lake- 
  or 
  

   river-shore 
  of 
  the 
  plants 
  growing 
  not 
  far 
  distant. 
  Large 
  coniferous 
  

   trunks 
  met 
  with 
  in 
  the 
  ore-beds 
  are, 
  I 
  am 
  informed, 
  always 
  rootless 
  

   and 
  branchless, 
  and 
  lie 
  with 
  their 
  axes 
  iu 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  ore- 
  

   stream. 
  The 
  inference 
  is 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  drift 
  timber. 
  

  

  Eichwald 
  cites 
  Walchia 
  lycopodioides 
  (Brongn.) 
  and 
  WalcMa 
  foliosa 
  

   from 
  the 
  Orenburg 
  Permian 
  : 
  but, 
  with 
  the 
  inexactness 
  which 
  often 
  

   confronts 
  us 
  in 
  his 
  writings 
  on 
  this 
  district, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  those 
  of 
  Ku- 
  

   torga 
  and 
  AVangenheim 
  von 
  Qnalen, 
  he 
  gives 
  the 
  habitat 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  

   plant 
  as 
  " 
  dans 
  le 
  gres 
  cuivrcux, 
  groupe 
  inferieur 
  du 
  Zechstein 
  dans 
  

   le 
  gouvernemcnt 
  d'Orenbourg." 
  All 
  the 
  Orenburg 
  WalcMa 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  have 
  been 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  upper 
  marls 
  and 
  

   sandstones. 
  Eichwald 
  regarded 
  his 
  W. 
  foliosa 
  as 
  a 
  small 
  annual 
  (!) 
  ; 
  

   but 
  Schimper 
  and 
  Gbppert 
  speak 
  doubtfully 
  of 
  the 
  determination. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Trautschold 
  (Bull. 
  Moscou, 
  18S0, 
  iii. 
  p. 
  124) 
  would 
  prefer 
  to 
  

   call 
  it 
  Lycopodites 
  foliosus, 
  considering 
  the 
  flexible 
  stems 
  and 
  leaves 
  

   as 
  agreeing 
  more 
  with 
  the 
  Lycopodiacea) 
  than 
  the 
  Coniferae. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  specimens 
  showing 
  a 
  considerable 
  amount 
  of 
  flexibility, 
  and 
  

   others 
  very 
  rigid 
  and 
  straight 
  ; 
  but 
  as 
  there 
  are 
  intermediate 
  forms, 
  I 
  

   do 
  not 
  venture 
  to 
  separate 
  the 
  two 
  extremes. 
  As 
  for 
  the 
  separation 
  

   of 
  W. 
  foliosa 
  from 
  W. 
  piniformis, 
  I 
  am 
  not 
  in 
  possession 
  of 
  sufficient 
  

   material 
  for 
  guiding 
  me 
  ; 
  and, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  can 
  see, 
  Eichwald 
  was 
  in 
  

   the 
  same 
  predicament. 
  

  

  Axomorrhcea 
  Fiscbteri, 
  Eichwald, 
  Leth. 
  B,oss. 
  vol. 
  i. 
  p. 
  102, 
  pi. 
  iv. 
  

   figs. 
  3-4. 
  

   This 
  is 
  classed 
  by 
  Schimper 
  among 
  the 
  ferns, 
  and 
  as 
  perhaps 
  not 
  

   different 
  from 
  Chelepteris, 
  Corda. 
  Eichwald's 
  specimen 
  was 
  derived 
  

   from 
  the 
  Klutchefskoi 
  mine 
  ; 
  and 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  one 
  from 
  the 
  mines 
  of 
  

   Kargalinsk. 
  

  

  Calamites 
  ixfracttts, 
  Gutbier. 
  Plate 
  XX. 
  fig. 
  2. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  tho 
  most 
  common 
  species. 
  A 
  young 
  stem 
  figured 
  by 
  Geinitz 
  

   (Dyas, 
  pi. 
  xxv. 
  fig. 
  4.) 
  corresponds 
  very 
  well 
  with 
  many 
  specimens 
  

   from 
  this 
  district. 
  Eichwald's 
  C. 
  arenaceus 
  (pi. 
  xiv. 
  fig. 
  l.)is 
  nothing- 
  

   other 
  than 
  C. 
  infra 
  ctus. 
  According 
  to 
  Eischer 
  (Bull. 
  Mosc. 
  1847, 
  

   xx. 
  p. 
  513.) 
  a 
  Calamite 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  Ivanoffsky 
  mine 
  belonged 
  to 
  

   Col. 
  arenarius, 
  Brongn. 
  Xo 
  figure 
  is 
  given, 
  and 
  possibly 
  it 
  was 
  the 
  

   present 
  species. 
  The 
  specimens 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  the 
  Mining 
  In- 
  

   stitute 
  in 
  St. 
  Petersburg 
  identical 
  with 
  mine 
  are 
  labelled 
  C. 
  infractus. 
  

   It 
  is 
  singular 
  that 
  Murchison 
  did 
  not 
  come 
  across 
  it 
  on 
  his 
  visit 
  to 
  

   the 
  Kargalinsk 
  mines, 
  as 
  its 
  fragments 
  are 
  less 
  difficult 
  to 
  find 
  than 
  

   those 
  of 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  species. 
  

  

  