﻿FOSSILS 
  FKOM 
  EASTERN 
  EUSSIA. 
  499 
  

  

  Calamites 
  leioeeema, 
  Gutbier. 
  Plate 
  XXI. 
  fig. 
  1. 
  

  

  The 
  ribs 
  are 
  somewhat 
  broader 
  than 
  in 
  Gutbier's 
  type 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  

   length 
  of 
  internode 
  and 
  apparently 
  thin 
  texture 
  suggest 
  (somewhat 
  

   doubtfully) 
  that 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  same. 
  

  

  Calamites 
  Seckowii, 
  Bronguiart. 
  Plate 
  XX. 
  fig. 
  3. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  not 
  abundant 
  at 
  Kargalinsk, 
  yet 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  rare. 
  

  

  Other 
  Calamites 
  quoted 
  from 
  the 
  Orenburg 
  Permian 
  are 
  C. 
  cola 
  mella, 
  

   Kutorga 
  (AVest-Ural 
  cupriferous 
  sandstone), 
  G. 
  Sternbergii, 
  Eichwald 
  

   (cupriferous 
  sandstone 
  of 
  Kargala, 
  in 
  Orenburg 
  government), 
  G.(JSqui- 
  

   setites) 
  gradatus, 
  Eichwald 
  (KLutchefskoi 
  mine, 
  district 
  of 
  Bielebee), 
  

   C. 
  (Eqiiisetites) 
  distorts, 
  Eichwald 
  (Kargala), 
  C. 
  (Equisetites) 
  decor 
  atus, 
  

   Eichwald 
  (locality 
  doubtful), 
  aud 
  C. 
  gigas, 
  Brongniart 
  (from 
  the 
  

   Permian 
  cupriferous 
  sandstone 
  of 
  Pyskorsk, 
  Orenburg). 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  

   a 
  specimen 
  of 
  C. 
  gigas 
  from 
  Kargalinsk, 
  but 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  

   verify 
  the 
  other 
  species. 
  

  

  Unio 
  castoe, 
  Eichwald, 
  Leth. 
  Ross, 
  p. 
  1003, 
  pi. 
  xxxix. 
  f. 
  20. 
  

  

  Unio 
  umbonatus, 
  Eischer, 
  De 
  Yern. 
  Geol. 
  Iiuss. 
  vol. 
  ii. 
  p. 
  306, 
  pi. 
  xix. 
  

   f. 
  10. 
  Plate 
  XXI. 
  figs. 
  7, 
  8. 
  

  

  Some 
  confusion 
  exists 
  with 
  respect 
  to 
  these 
  shells. 
  Eichwald 
  

   dissents 
  from 
  De 
  Yerneuil's 
  determination, 
  and 
  at 
  page 
  1002 
  of 
  his 
  

   work, 
  pi. 
  xxxix. 
  f. 
  21, 
  describes 
  a 
  different 
  form 
  as 
  Unio 
  umbonatus, 
  

   assuring 
  us 
  that 
  his 
  drawing 
  is 
  from 
  the 
  original 
  specimen 
  of 
  Fischer. 
  

   Eichwald's 
  U. 
  umbonatus 
  is 
  identical 
  with 
  an 
  unnamed 
  Unio 
  described 
  

   and 
  figured 
  by 
  Kutorga*, 
  and 
  stated 
  by 
  him 
  to 
  occur 
  as 
  casts 
  of 
  very 
  

   varying 
  size, 
  in 
  a 
  bluish-grey 
  marl, 
  in 
  which 
  Wangenheim 
  v. 
  Qualen 
  

   says 
  Palceoniscus 
  Tscheffkini, 
  Eischer, 
  is 
  found. 
  Eichwald 
  gives 
  the 
  

   localit} 
  1 
  - 
  of 
  U. 
  umbonatus 
  as 
  the 
  clay 
  of 
  the 
  cupriferous 
  sandstone 
  of 
  

   Kargala 
  in 
  the 
  government 
  of 
  Orenburg. 
  "Whether 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  

   Permian 
  of 
  the 
  Kargala 
  in 
  the 
  Bielebee 
  district, 
  or 
  of 
  the 
  Kargala 
  

   near 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Orenburg, 
  is 
  not 
  clear. 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  seen 
  his 
  shell 
  

   in 
  the 
  Kargalinsk 
  mining- 
  centre. 
  

  

  Unio 
  castor, 
  described 
  by 
  Eichwald 
  (p. 
  1003) 
  as 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  

   clay 
  schists 
  of 
  the 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone 
  of 
  Bourakova, 
  in 
  the 
  govern- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  Kazan, 
  associated 
  with 
  Cyprinidae 
  and 
  Posidonomya, 
  is 
  the 
  

   sole 
  form 
  of 
  mollusk 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Kargalinsk 
  mines, 
  and 
  is, 
  in 
  places, 
  

   very 
  abundant. 
  

  

  With 
  a 
  view 
  to 
  extricate 
  the 
  shell 
  from 
  the 
  confusion 
  of 
  its 
  double 
  

   name, 
  I 
  applied 
  to 
  Dr. 
  Trautschold 
  ; 
  and 
  he 
  replied 
  to 
  me 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

   " 
  If 
  Eichwald, 
  as 
  he 
  says, 
  prepared 
  his 
  drawing 
  from 
  Eischer's 
  ori- 
  

   ginal 
  specimen, 
  of 
  course 
  his 
  Unio 
  umbonatus 
  is 
  the 
  genuine 
  one, 
  and 
  De 
  

   Verneuil 
  would 
  be 
  in 
  error. 
  De 
  Verneuil 
  says 
  that 
  he 
  shares 
  Eischer's 
  

   opinion 
  respecting 
  the 
  location 
  of 
  the 
  shell 
  in 
  the 
  genus 
  Unio 
  : 
  but 
  he 
  

   does 
  not 
  state 
  whether 
  Fischer 
  saw 
  his 
  Unio. 
  . 
  To 
  be 
  sure, 
  Eichwald 
  

   is 
  not 
  very 
  trustworthy 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  now 
  probably 
  impossible 
  to 
  prove 
  

   whether 
  his 
  drawing 
  was 
  really 
  made 
  after 
  Fischer's 
  original 
  or 
  not." 
  

  

  * 
  "Beitrag 
  zur 
  Palaontologie 
  Kusslands," 
  Verhandl. 
  d. 
  mineral. 
  Gesell. 
  zu 
  St. 
  

   Petersburg, 
  1842, 
  p. 
  27, 
  pi. 
  vi. 
  f. 
  4. 
  

  

  