﻿FOSSILS 
  FROM 
  EASTERN 
  RUSSIA. 
  501 
  

  

  several 
  hundred 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  easterly 
  mines 
  indicate 
  the 
  removal 
  

   by 
  denudation 
  of 
  a 
  corresponding 
  thickness 
  from 
  the 
  Roshdestvensky 
  

   and 
  Pravy 
  mines, 
  the 
  undoubted 
  homes 
  of 
  these 
  highly 
  organized 
  

   reptiles. 
  

  

  After 
  considering 
  all 
  the 
  facts 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  glean 
  by 
  personal 
  

   inspection 
  and 
  from 
  all 
  sources 
  of 
  information 
  known 
  to 
  me, 
  I 
  imagine 
  

   that 
  possibly 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  in 
  the 
  central 
  part 
  of 
  what 
  is 
  known 
  

   as 
  the 
  Permian 
  basin 
  may 
  be 
  passage-beds 
  between 
  the 
  Permian 
  and 
  

   Trias, 
  but 
  that 
  the 
  series 
  of 
  Kargalinsk 
  forms 
  the 
  uppermost 
  beds 
  of 
  

   the 
  Permian 
  as 
  here 
  developed. 
  I 
  know 
  it 
  is 
  often 
  impossible 
  to 
  

   draw 
  the 
  line 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  systems 
  : 
  but 
  at 
  Kargalinsk 
  I 
  draw 
  it 
  

   over 
  the 
  beds 
  containing 
  Calamites 
  gigas, 
  infractus, 
  and 
  Suckowii, 
  

   Gardiqpteris 
  Kutorgce, 
  Walchia 
  piniformis, 
  Unio 
  iimbonatus, 
  and 
  the 
  

   heterocercal 
  fishes. 
  We 
  may 
  be 
  puzzled 
  by 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  

   higher 
  forms 
  of 
  the 
  cold-blooded 
  vertebrates 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  lower 
  types 
  of 
  

   life 
  are 
  surely 
  more 
  reliable 
  witnesses. 
  Regarding 
  the 
  whole 
  subject 
  

   as 
  worthy 
  of 
  the 
  attention 
  of 
  English 
  geologists, 
  I 
  have 
  thought 
  it 
  

   advisable 
  to 
  lay 
  the 
  facts 
  before 
  the 
  Society 
  and 
  leave 
  them 
  for 
  

   interpretation. 
  

  

  EXPLANATION 
  OF 
  THE 
  PLATES. 
  

   Plate 
  XX. 
  

   Fig. 
  1. 
  Schizodendron 
  tuberculatum, 
  Eichwald. 
  

  

  2. 
  Calamites 
  infractus, 
  Gutbier, 
  typical 
  specimen. 
  

  

  3. 
  Calamites 
  SucJcowii, 
  Brongniart. 
  

  

  Plate 
  XXI. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  1. 
  Calamites 
  leoiderma, 
  Gutbier. 
  

  

  2. 
  Calamites 
  undetermined. 
  

  

  3. 
  Twig 
  of 
  Walchia 
  biarmica 
  (Eichwald). 
  

  

  4. 
  5. 
  Twigs 
  of 
  Walchia 
  piniformis, 
  Sternberg. 
  

  

  6. 
  Seed 
  of 
  a 
  conifer. 
  

  

  7, 
  8. 
  Unio 
  umbonatus, 
  Fischer. 
  

  

  Discussion. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  Hughes 
  asked 
  if 
  the 
  Permian 
  of 
  Russia 
  passed 
  up 
  uncon- 
  

   formably 
  arid 
  without 
  any 
  break 
  into 
  those 
  beds 
  which 
  the 
  author 
  

   described 
  as 
  the 
  passage-beds 
  between 
  Permian 
  and 
  Trias. 
  

  

  Rev. 
  A. 
  Irving 
  said 
  the 
  Permian 
  and 
  Trias 
  of 
  Germany 
  were 
  stra- 
  

   tigraphically 
  conformable 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  Russia. 
  He 
  thought 
  

   there 
  was 
  more 
  than 
  one 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone 
  in 
  the 
  Russian 
  

   Permians. 
  

  

  The 
  Author, 
  in 
  reply 
  to 
  Prof. 
  Hughes, 
  stated 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  

   positive 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  Trias 
  in 
  the 
  district. 
  The 
  

   Upper 
  and 
  Lower 
  Permian 
  were 
  clearly 
  distinguished 
  by 
  certain 
  

   features 
  ; 
  and 
  he 
  did 
  not 
  agree 
  with 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  

   repetition 
  of 
  Magnesian 
  Limestones. 
  

  

  