﻿PEOF. 
  C. 
  LAPWOKTH 
  ON 
  THE 
  GIKVAN 
  SUCCESSION. 
  575 
  

  

  north 
  of 
  Kilpatrick 
  the 
  limestone 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  several 
  localities, 
  in 
  thin 
  

   courses 
  and 
  in 
  several 
  neglected 
  quarries, 
  greatly 
  interfered 
  with 
  

   by 
  protrusions 
  of 
  gabbro, 
  and 
  having 
  no 
  definitely 
  regular 
  relation 
  

   to 
  the 
  surrounding 
  sheet 
  of 
  the 
  Benan 
  Conglomerate 
  (see 
  map 
  2, 
  

   Plate 
  XXV.). 
  Faulted 
  patches 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  rock 
  are 
  visible 
  along 
  the 
  

   extension 
  of 
  the 
  Aldons 
  dislocation 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  summit 
  

   of 
  Daldowie 
  Hill. 
  Their 
  geographical 
  disposition 
  may 
  be 
  gathered 
  

   from 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  accompanying 
  map 
  of 
  the 
  region. 
  

  

  2. 
  Tramitcliell 
  Quarries 
  Sfc. 
  — 
  By 
  far 
  the 
  most 
  important 
  exposure 
  

   of 
  the 
  Stinchar 
  Limestone 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Girvan 
  valley, 
  from 
  an 
  

   economic 
  point 
  of 
  view, 
  is 
  undoubtedly 
  that 
  presented 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  

   lime-quarries 
  at 
  Tramitchell 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Assel. 
  Here 
  the 
  

   limestone 
  is 
  quarried 
  in 
  a 
  steep 
  cliff 
  which 
  overhangs 
  the 
  roadway 
  

   for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  at 
  least 
  200 
  yards. 
  It 
  seems 
  at 
  first 
  sight 
  

   altogether 
  much 
  thicker 
  and 
  purer 
  than 
  in 
  any 
  other 
  exposure 
  in 
  

   the 
  entire 
  Girvan 
  region 
  ; 
  and 
  next 
  to 
  the 
  quarry 
  of 
  Craighead, 
  to 
  

   be 
  noticed 
  in 
  the 
  sequel, 
  this 
  quarry 
  certainly 
  affords 
  the 
  chief 
  

   supply 
  of 
  lime 
  for 
  the 
  district. 
  It 
  is 
  mined 
  in 
  large 
  quantities, 
  

   burnt 
  in 
  the 
  kilns 
  upon 
  the 
  spot, 
  and 
  led 
  upon 
  a 
  tramway 
  to 
  the 
  

   railway-station 
  at 
  Pinmore. 
  

  

  At 
  a 
  first 
  glance 
  it 
  would 
  appear 
  that 
  at 
  least 
  100 
  feet 
  of 
  Compact 
  

   Limestone 
  are 
  developed 
  at 
  this 
  locality 
  ; 
  but 
  this 
  apparently 
  ab- 
  

   normal 
  thickness 
  is 
  delusive, 
  and 
  the 
  limestones 
  are 
  actually 
  of 
  no 
  

   greater 
  vertical 
  extent 
  than 
  elsewhere. 
  A 
  long 
  strike-fault 
  bounds 
  

   them 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  throwing 
  down 
  against 
  them 
  the 
  highest 
  zones 
  of 
  

   the 
  overlying 
  Benan 
  Conglomerate. 
  The 
  limestones, 
  which 
  include 
  

   also 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  Madurea-zone, 
  are 
  crumpled 
  up 
  against 
  this 
  

   fault 
  in 
  a 
  broken 
  anticlinal 
  form, 
  and 
  dip 
  with 
  several 
  small 
  step- 
  

   slips, 
  visible 
  in 
  the 
  quarry-face, 
  steadily 
  to 
  the 
  southwards, 
  as 
  if 
  

   passing 
  below 
  the 
  Benan 
  Conglomerate 
  of 
  the 
  flats 
  of 
  the 
  Assel. 
  

  

  The 
  sharp 
  anticlinal 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  the 
  fault 
  is 
  well 
  

   seen 
  at 
  the 
  eastern 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  exposure. 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  

   impure 
  and 
  nodular 
  beds 
  on 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  quarry 
  take 
  on 
  an 
  oolitic 
  

   structure, 
  a 
  very 
  rare 
  phenomenon 
  among 
  the 
  limestones 
  of 
  this 
  

   region. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  purer 
  flaggy 
  limestones 
  at 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  anticlinal 
  occur 
  

   the 
  peculiar 
  fossils 
  Saccammina 
  Carteri 
  and 
  Girvanella 
  problematica, 
  

   which, 
  together 
  with 
  fragments 
  of 
  Encrinites 
  and 
  Tetradium, 
  are 
  

   very 
  abundant. 
  The 
  lower 
  Maclurea-fLeigstones 
  in 
  the 
  centre 
  

   of 
  the 
  quarry 
  yield 
  Maclurea 
  Logani, 
  Ecculiomphalus 
  BucTclandi, 
  

   Orthis 
  calligramma, 
  StropJwmena 
  corrugatella, 
  and 
  their 
  usual 
  

   associates. 
  

  

  The 
  wide-spreading 
  and 
  continuous 
  mass 
  of 
  Benan 
  Conglomerate 
  

   of 
  the 
  upland 
  area 
  of 
  Benan 
  and 
  Auchensoul, 
  to 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  

   hitherto 
  restricted 
  our 
  description, 
  seems 
  originally 
  to 
  have 
  expanded 
  

   to 
  the 
  westward 
  into 
  a 
  broad 
  sheet 
  many 
  square 
  miles 
  in 
  superficial 
  

   extent, 
  around 
  and 
  above 
  the 
  metamorphic 
  and 
  igneous 
  rocks 
  

   of 
  Lendal 
  and 
  Ballantrae. 
  The 
  powerful 
  dislocations 
  which 
  have 
  

   affected 
  the 
  Girvan 
  district 
  have, 
  however, 
  shattered 
  this 
  broad 
  sheet 
  

   into 
  four 
  distinct 
  fragments. 
  Two 
  of 
  these, 
  forming 
  the 
  high 
  

  

  