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  PROF. 
  C. 
  LAPWORTH 
  ON 
  THE 
  GIRVAN 
  SUCCESSION. 
  

  

  grounds 
  of 
  Millenderdale 
  and 
  Lag'gan, 
  are 
  still 
  continuous 
  with 
  our 
  

   typical 
  mass 
  of 
  Benan 
  Hill. 
  The 
  remaining 
  two, 
  which 
  occur 
  upon 
  

   the 
  ridges 
  of 
  Trowier 
  and 
  the 
  Byne 
  Hill, 
  are 
  now 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  

   Ben 
  an 
  ridge 
  and 
  each 
  other 
  by 
  two 
  gigantic 
  strike 
  -faults, 
  which 
  

   have 
  thrown 
  down 
  between 
  them 
  strata 
  of 
  much 
  later 
  geological 
  

   age. 
  Not 
  only 
  is 
  the 
  present 
  geographical 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  rocks 
  

   of 
  these 
  areas 
  almost 
  demonstrative 
  of 
  their 
  original 
  continuity, 
  

   but 
  their 
  detailed 
  study 
  shows, 
  as 
  might 
  have 
  been 
  expected, 
  that 
  

   they 
  agree 
  precisely 
  in 
  all 
  their 
  petrological 
  characters 
  with 
  their 
  

   prototypes 
  of 
  Benan 
  Hill, 
  and 
  are 
  similarly 
  underlain 
  by 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  

   calcareous 
  beds 
  answering 
  exactly 
  to 
  our 
  limestone 
  series 
  of 
  Auchen- 
  

   soul 
  and 
  the 
  Stinchar. 
  

  

  3. 
  Millenderdale 
  area. 
  — 
  The 
  most 
  southerly 
  of 
  these 
  supple- 
  

   mentary 
  areas 
  is 
  formed 
  by 
  a 
  narrow 
  prolongation 
  of 
  the 
  Benan 
  Con- 
  

   glomerate, 
  about 
  three 
  miles 
  in 
  length 
  by 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  in 
  width, 
  which 
  

   stretches 
  from 
  the 
  typical 
  area 
  at 
  Kinclaer 
  viaduct 
  upon 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  

   Assel, 
  into 
  the 
  heart 
  of 
  the 
  Ballantrae 
  rocks 
  upon 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  Lendal. 
  

   It 
  is 
  distinctly 
  interposed 
  between 
  these 
  igneous 
  rocks 
  and 
  the 
  sheet 
  

   of 
  Graptolitic 
  flagstone 
  which 
  everywhere 
  succeeds 
  to 
  the 
  Benan 
  

   Conglomerate 
  in 
  the 
  Girvan 
  district. 
  The 
  peculiar 
  relations 
  of 
  this 
  

   strip 
  of 
  conglomerate 
  to 
  the 
  neighbouring 
  Ballantrae 
  rocks 
  need 
  not 
  

   detain 
  us 
  here. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  sufficient 
  for 
  our 
  present 
  purpose 
  to 
  state 
  

   that 
  a 
  careful 
  mapping 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  makes 
  it 
  clear 
  that 
  it 
  forms, 
  

   generally 
  speaking, 
  a 
  faulted 
  anticlinal. 
  Near 
  its 
  western 
  extremity 
  

   the 
  Stinchar 
  Limestone 
  emerges 
  from 
  below 
  it 
  in 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  old 
  

   quarries 
  and 
  natural 
  exposures 
  near 
  the 
  farmsteading 
  of 
  Millender- 
  

   dale. 
  A 
  few 
  specimens 
  of 
  Saccammina 
  Carteri, 
  and 
  Tetradium 
  

   Peachii 
  are 
  procurable 
  from 
  these 
  limestones. 
  In 
  the 
  deserted 
  quarry 
  

   west 
  of 
  the 
  steading, 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  the 
  shattered 
  state 
  of 
  the 
  beds, 
  we 
  

   recognize 
  with 
  certainty 
  the 
  Nodular 
  Flags 
  (Ab 
  2 
  ) 
  at 
  its 
  northern 
  

   extremity, 
  followed 
  by 
  the 
  Compact 
  Limestones 
  (Ab 
  3 
  ), 
  for 
  the 
  extrac- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  excavation 
  was 
  made, 
  and 
  finally 
  a 
  few 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  

   superior 
  greenish 
  shales 
  of 
  the 
  Lidymoyraptus-beds 
  (Ab 
  4 
  ) 
  are 
  seen 
  in 
  

   the 
  stream-course 
  to 
  the 
  south-west. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  10. 
  

  

  S.E. 
  

  

  -Basal 
  Zones 
  of 
  the 
  Girvan 
  Succession, 
  south-west 
  

   of 
  Millenderdale. 
  

  

  

  N.W. 
  

  

  Ac. 
  Benan 
  Conglomerate. 
  

  

  Abe. 
  Graptolitic 
  shales 
  with 
  Diplograptus 
  rugosus, 
  Crypt, 
  tricomis, 
  &c. 
  

  

  Ax. 
  Base 
  of 
  Grirvan 
  Conglomerate. 
  

  

  Ax 
  2 
  . 
  Well-bedded 
  ashy 
  conglomerates 
  and 
  sandstones. 
  

  

  Ax 
  1 
  . 
  Coarse-breccias 
  of 
  fragments 
  of 
  igneous 
  and 
  altered 
  rocks, 
  with 
  

   interstratlfied 
  purple 
  sandstones 
  and 
  red 
  and 
  green 
  grits 
  and 
  shales. 
  

   x. 
  Igneous 
  and 
  altered 
  rocks 
  of 
  Ballantrae 
  Series, 
  

   f. 
  Fault. 
  

  

  

  