﻿612 
  PK0F. 
  C. 
  LAPWOTTH 
  OX 
  THE 
  GIKVAX 
  SUCCESSION. 
  

  

  railway-line 
  from 
  Girvan 
  to 
  Stranraer. 
  Excellent 
  sections 
  are 
  visible 
  

   in 
  the 
  railway 
  itself 
  near 
  the 
  tunnel 
  and 
  in 
  several 
  quarries 
  near 
  

   the 
  farmsteading 
  of 
  Knockrochie. 
  Graptolites 
  are 
  abundant 
  in 
  a 
  

   few 
  spots, 
  especially 
  Diplograptus 
  pristis, 
  His., 
  and 
  a 
  form 
  of 
  Cli- 
  

   macograptus. 
  

  

  The 
  highest 
  zone 
  of 
  the 
  Ardwell 
  Beds 
  — 
  the 
  peculiar 
  Cascade 
  

   Grits 
  and 
  Shales 
  of 
  Penwhapple 
  Glen, 
  is 
  recognizable 
  at 
  several 
  

   localities. 
  Prom 
  the 
  Cascades 
  themselves 
  its 
  strata 
  are 
  prolonged 
  to 
  

   the 
  eastward 
  in 
  a 
  continuous 
  band 
  of 
  small 
  cliffs, 
  which 
  form 
  a 
  

   prominent 
  feature 
  upon 
  the 
  grassy 
  slopes 
  of 
  Balgavarie 
  Hill. 
  In 
  

   the 
  stream 
  which 
  descends 
  the 
  slopes 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  they 
  afford 
  a 
  

   visibly 
  ascending 
  section, 
  and 
  yield 
  their 
  usual 
  Graptolites 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  

   of 
  excellent 
  preservation. 
  Here 
  occur 
  

  

  Dicranograptus 
  Nicholsoni, 
  Hopk. 
  

  

  ramosus, 
  Hall. 
  

  

  Dicellograptus 
  Forchhammeri, 
  Grin. 
  

  

  Climacograptus 
  caudatus, 
  Lapw. 
  

   Diplograptus 
  foliaceus, 
  Murch. 
  

   Climacograptus 
  bicornis, 
  Hall. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  zone 
  is 
  seen 
  also 
  upon 
  the 
  heights 
  of 
  Trowier 
  Hill 
  in 
  the 
  

   same 
  stratigraphical 
  position, 
  and 
  yielding 
  precisely 
  the 
  same 
  fossils. 
  

  

  A 
  most 
  interesting 
  patch 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  band 
  is 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  

   of 
  the 
  north-western 
  flank 
  of 
  Saugh 
  Hill 
  (see 
  fig. 
  25, 
  p. 
  299). 
  Here 
  

   it 
  is 
  caught 
  up 
  between 
  two 
  brandies 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  Bargany 
  disloca- 
  

   tion 
  ; 
  but 
  its 
  strata 
  retain 
  their 
  normal 
  characteristics, 
  and 
  afford 
  the 
  

   usual 
  fossils, 
  namely 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Dicranograptus 
  ramosus. 
  Dicellograptus 
  Forchhammeri. 
  

  

  Climacograptus 
  bicornis. 
  Diplograptus 
  rugosus. 
  

  

  But 
  the 
  most 
  remarkable 
  exhibition 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  of 
  this 
  zone 
  is 
  the 
  

   section 
  afforded 
  by 
  the 
  narrow 
  valley 
  of 
  Dalamford, 
  about 
  two 
  miles 
  

   east 
  of 
  the 
  Penwhapple 
  Glen. 
  Here 
  a 
  strip 
  of 
  Lower 
  Palaeozoic 
  

   strata 
  several 
  miles 
  in 
  length, 
  but 
  only 
  about 
  100 
  yards 
  in 
  width, 
  

   is 
  bounded 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  by 
  rocks 
  of 
  Old 
  Red 
  Sandstone 
  (see 
  map, 
  

   PI. 
  XXIV.). 
  Along 
  the 
  roadway 
  near 
  Dalamford 
  the 
  visible 
  Lower 
  

   Palaeozoic 
  rocks 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Cascade-zone, 
  and 
  the 
  transverse 
  

   section 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  is 
  that 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  section 
  (fig. 
  19). 
  

  

  This 
  narrow 
  band 
  owes 
  its 
  existence 
  to 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  

   Knockgerran 
  fault, 
  which 
  is 
  prolonged 
  into 
  this 
  locality 
  from 
  the 
  

   valley 
  of 
  the 
  Penwhapple. 
  The 
  strata 
  exposed 
  along 
  its 
  course 
  are 
  

   not, 
  however, 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  Cascade-zone. 
  The 
  Stinchar 
  Lime- 
  

   stone 
  is 
  brought 
  up 
  in 
  a 
  shattered 
  condition 
  near 
  the 
  steading 
  of 
  

   Pentbeath, 
  and 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  occur 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  south-eastern 
  branches 
  

   of 
  Penwhapple 
  Burn. 
  

  

  Bb, 
  The 
  Whitehouse 
  Beds. 
  — 
  Only 
  a 
  very 
  limited 
  number 
  of 
  expo- 
  

   sures 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  of 
  this 
  group 
  have 
  been 
  met 
  with 
  in 
  this 
  area. 
  

   Beds 
  unequivocally 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  Lower 
  or 
  Cement-stone-bearing 
  

   division 
  occur 
  at 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  Piedmont 
  Glen, 
  where 
  they 
  follow 
  in 
  

   their 
  proper 
  position 
  upon 
  the 
  grits 
  of 
  the 
  Cascade-zone. 
  In 
  their 
  

   shattered 
  beds, 
  as 
  laid 
  open 
  in 
  the 
  stream-course, 
  the 
  usual 
  fossils 
  

   are 
  procurable, 
  chiefly 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Diplograptus 
  quadrimucronatus, 
  Hall. 
  I 
  Dicellograptus 
  Morrisi, 
  Hopk. 
  

   truncatus, 
  Lapw. 
  Leptograptus 
  flaccidus, 
  Hall, 
  &c. 
  

  

  

  