﻿PLIOCENE 
  PERIOD 
  IN 
  ENGLAND. 
  00/ 
  

  

  carried 
  by 
  the 
  Welsh 
  land-ice 
  from 
  Arexrig 
  to 
  the 
  line 
  where 
  this 
  ice 
  

   terminates, 
  and 
  the 
  gravels 
  with 
  marine 
  Mollusca 
  on 
  Minora 
  moun- 
  

   tain 
  occur, 
  their 
  presence 
  over 
  the 
  area 
  shown 
  as 
  Welsh 
  land-ice 
  at 
  

   much 
  greater 
  elevations 
  than 
  the 
  highest 
  of 
  those 
  places 
  at 
  which 
  

   molluscan 
  remains 
  have 
  occurred 
  (all 
  of 
  which 
  latter 
  are 
  within 
  the 
  

   ruled 
  line 
  area) 
  is 
  intelligible 
  ; 
  as 
  is 
  also 
  the 
  reason 
  why 
  Criffel 
  and 
  

   Ravenglass 
  erratics 
  carried 
  from 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  English 
  and 
  Scotch 
  

   ice 
  by 
  noes 
  could 
  get 
  no 
  farther 
  westwards 
  ; 
  and 
  why 
  these 
  and 
  

   Arenig 
  erratics 
  carried 
  by 
  floes 
  from 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  Welsh 
  ice 
  

   are 
  alike 
  distributed 
  over 
  the 
  ruled 
  -line 
  area. 
  The 
  track 
  of 
  the 
  

   Shap 
  blocks 
  eastward 
  I 
  have 
  already, 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  

   memoir, 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  land-ice 
  crossing 
  the 
  Pennine 
  ; 
  but 
  these 
  

   passing 
  by 
  land-ice 
  down 
  the 
  Eden 
  to 
  the 
  Solway, 
  and 
  down 
  the 
  

   Lune 
  to 
  Lancaster 
  Bay, 
  follow 
  thence 
  the 
  distribution 
  over 
  the 
  ruled- 
  

   line 
  area 
  already 
  defined 
  of 
  the 
  Criffel 
  and 
  Ravenglass 
  erratics 
  

   (though 
  they 
  have 
  not 
  been 
  yet 
  traced 
  as 
  extending 
  quite 
  so 
  far), 
  and 
  

   are 
  in 
  that 
  area 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  distribution 
  by 
  floes 
  as 
  these 
  are. 
  

  

  I 
  now, 
  after 
  this 
  digression, 
  resume 
  tracing 
  the 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  

   South 
  of 
  England, 
  to 
  bring 
  the 
  case 
  in 
  that 
  part 
  to 
  a 
  parallel 
  

   position 
  to 
  that 
  to 
  which 
  I 
  have, 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  memoir, 
  

   traced 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  part 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  ice 
  of 
  the 
  Chalky 
  Clay 
  extended 
  ; 
  

   and 
  for 
  this 
  purpose 
  I 
  have 
  given 
  in 
  Plate 
  XXVI. 
  a 
  continuation 
  

   of 
  the 
  Map 
  Xo. 
  2, 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  previous 
  plate, 
  by 
  extending 
  this 
  

   to 
  the 
  British 
  Channel. 
  It 
  purports 
  to 
  represent 
  the 
  conditions 
  of 
  

   land 
  and 
  sea 
  when 
  about 
  250 
  feet 
  emergence 
  had 
  taken 
  place, 
  

   and 
  the 
  ice 
  of 
  the 
  Chalky 
  Clay 
  had 
  reached 
  its 
  furthest 
  extension; 
  the 
  

   parts 
  in 
  shade 
  at 
  the 
  western 
  extremity 
  of 
  this 
  continuation-map 
  

   being 
  those 
  above 
  400, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  eastern 
  those 
  above 
  200 
  feet 
  ele- 
  

   vation, 
  with 
  the 
  intermediate 
  area 
  in 
  proportion, 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  

   the 
  increment 
  of 
  submergence. 
  

  

  As 
  the 
  evidences 
  of 
  submergence 
  in 
  Hampshire 
  reach 
  (as 
  de- 
  

   scribed, 
  ante, 
  p. 
  682) 
  to 
  more 
  than 
  650 
  feet, 
  the 
  inlet 
  in 
  which 
  

   Mr. 
  Codrington 
  rightly 
  contends 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  South-Hants 
  gravel 
  

   accumulated 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  become 
  landlocked 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  at 
  the 
  

   time 
  of 
  Map 
  2, 
  because 
  the 
  cuttings 
  of 
  the 
  railway 
  from 
  Basingstoke 
  

   to 
  Oakley 
  and 
  Overton, 
  which 
  traverses 
  the 
  parting 
  between 
  the 
  

   Thames 
  and 
  Hampshire 
  systems, 
  are 
  all 
  under 
  400 
  feet. 
  Some 
  

   of 
  these 
  have 
  small 
  patches 
  of 
  gravel 
  on 
  them. 
  This 
  part 
  therefore 
  

   (in 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  Sheet 
  12) 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  continuation 
  of 
  that 
  

   Map 
  in 
  Plate 
  XXVI. 
  as 
  a 
  strait 
  connecting 
  the 
  sea 
  over 
  the 
  two 
  

   systems 
  : 
  and 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  the 
  Thames 
  system 
  was 
  still 
  connected 
  

   with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Severn 
  by 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  Evenlode 
  and 
  War- 
  

   wickshire 
  Stour, 
  through 
  which 
  came 
  the 
  Red 
  Chalk 
  shown 
  by 
  crosses 
  

   in 
  Sheet 
  44 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  part 
  of 
  Map 
  2, 
  and 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  longer 
  by 
  

  

  ever, 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  England 
  was 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  near 
  1400 
  feet 
  below 
  its 
  present 
  level, 
  

   and 
  the 
  Greenland 
  ice 
  rises 
  inland 
  to 
  several 
  thousand 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  and 
  

   descends 
  in 
  the 
  channels 
  which 
  it 
  has 
  filled 
  so 
  much 
  below 
  the 
  sea-level 
  that 
  

   Dr. 
  Sutherland 
  says 
  bottom 
  is 
  not 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  glaciers 
  in 
  

   less 
  than 
  2400 
  feet 
  (Q. 
  J. 
  Gr. 
  S. 
  vol. 
  ix. 
  p. 
  301), 
  I 
  am 
  unable 
  to 
  see 
  the 
  force 
  of 
  

   this 
  objection. 
  

  

  