﻿PLIOCENE 
  PERIOD 
  IN 
  ENGLAND. 
  699 
  

  

  limit 
  of 
  the 
  submergence 
  of 
  the 
  Stage 
  I 
  am 
  examining, 
  defines 
  

   the 
  limit 
  of 
  this 
  marine 
  and 
  fluvio-marine 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  

   in 
  Sheets 
  51, 
  04, 
  05, 
  and 
  09 
  ; 
  and 
  this 
  line 
  is 
  carried 
  thence 
  north- 
  

   wards 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  the 
  evidence 
  of 
  increasing 
  depression 
  in 
  

   that 
  direction, 
  which 
  the 
  limit 
  in 
  elevation 
  reached 
  by 
  the 
  forma- 
  

   tion 
  in 
  Sheets 
  85, 
  86, 
  and 
  94 
  furnishes. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  no 
  certain 
  knowledge 
  (beyond 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  gravel, 
  

   which, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  know, 
  is 
  unfossiliferous) 
  of 
  any 
  thing 
  which 
  can 
  

   be 
  identified 
  with 
  this 
  formation 
  within 
  the 
  line 
  thus 
  carried 
  

   northwards 
  till 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  Sheet 
  86 
  is 
  reached, 
  where, 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  

   of 
  the 
  Humber, 
  marine 
  gravel 
  with 
  the 
  Cyrena 
  occurs 
  at 
  Kelsea 
  

   Hill 
  and 
  at 
  Paull 
  (Paghill) 
  Cliif, 
  both 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  east 
  of 
  Hull 
  : 
  

   but 
  on 
  the 
  Lincolnshire 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Humber, 
  at 
  Kirmington 
  (just 
  

   where 
  the 
  broken 
  line 
  extending 
  northwards 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  

   Lincolnshire 
  coast 
  makes 
  a 
  short 
  westerly 
  deflection 
  in 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  

   Sheet 
  86 
  of 
  Map 
  5), 
  Mr. 
  Home 
  and 
  I 
  found 
  united 
  valves 
  of 
  the 
  

   marine 
  and 
  estuarine 
  shells 
  Scrohicularia 
  piperata 
  and 
  Mytihis 
  

   edulis 
  imbedded 
  in 
  a 
  brick-clay, 
  from 
  which 
  we 
  learnt 
  that 
  mamma- 
  

   lian 
  remains 
  had 
  been 
  also 
  obtained. 
  Although 
  the 
  Cyrena 
  was 
  not 
  

   with 
  these, 
  I 
  feel 
  little 
  doubt 
  of 
  this 
  clay 
  being 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  for- 
  

   mation, 
  and 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  gravel 
  with 
  Cyrena 
  in 
  Holderness 
  

   in 
  the 
  same 
  way 
  that 
  the 
  brick-clay 
  of 
  the 
  ]S 
  T 
  ar 
  (in 
  which 
  also 
  no 
  

   trace 
  of 
  the 
  Cyr-na 
  has 
  been 
  detected) 
  corresponds 
  to 
  the 
  gravel 
  

   with 
  Cyrena 
  at 
  March. 
  Its 
  elevation 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  somewhere 
  

   between 
  80 
  and 
  90 
  feet. 
  

  

  The 
  section 
  of 
  this 
  Cyrena-gr&vel 
  afforded 
  by 
  the 
  Kelsea 
  Hill 
  

   ballast-pit 
  near 
  Hedon 
  Station, 
  when 
  I 
  drew 
  it 
  in 
  1867, 
  is 
  shown 
  at 
  

   page 
  713 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  section 
  at 
  one 
  part- 
  being 
  more 
  than 
  30 
  feet 
  high, 
  

   and 
  the 
  Cyrena-valves 
  present 
  nearly 
  to 
  the 
  top, 
  it 
  shows 
  this 
  gravel 
  

   here 
  to 
  reach 
  the 
  elevation 
  of 
  about 
  55 
  feet 
  above 
  O. 
  D. 
  These 
  valves 
  

   are 
  here 
  also 
  in 
  association 
  with 
  marine 
  shells 
  only 
  ; 
  and, 
  as 
  is 
  the 
  

   case 
  at 
  March, 
  none 
  of 
  the 
  valves 
  are 
  joined, 
  as 
  they 
  frequently 
  are 
  

   in 
  the 
  freshwater 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  formation, 
  thus 
  showing 
  that 
  they 
  

   have 
  been 
  transported 
  by 
  river-floods 
  into 
  the 
  sea-bed. 
  Along 
  the 
  

   Holderness 
  coast-section, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  figs. 
  XLVI. 
  to 
  XLIX. 
  

   by 
  bed 
  <I>, 
  the 
  greatest 
  elevation 
  of 
  this 
  gravel 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  from 
  75 
  

   to 
  80 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  beach, 
  or 
  say 
  90 
  above 
  O. 
  D., 
  dying 
  out 
  against 
  

   the 
  highest 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Purple 
  Cla} 
  T 
  , 
  D, 
  which 
  seems 
  to 
  havo 
  formed 
  

   low 
  islets 
  in 
  this 
  gravel-sea. 
  I 
  am 
  not, 
  however, 
  aware 
  of 
  any 
  

   shells 
  having 
  been 
  obtained 
  from 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  Holderness 
  Cliff. 
  

  

  At 
  Hessle, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  unfossiliferous, 
  it 
  rests 
  upon 
  a 
  clay-pan 
  

   which 
  is 
  strongly 
  ripple-marked 
  (see 
  fig. 
  XLV.) 
  and 
  which 
  overlies 
  

   rubble 
  with 
  mammalian 
  remains 
  that 
  rests 
  on 
  the 
  Chalk. 
  Hero, 
  

   again, 
  we 
  have 
  good 
  evidence 
  of 
  the 
  gravel 
  having 
  been 
  accumulated 
  

   under 
  a 
  redepression, 
  which 
  first 
  caused 
  a 
  land- 
  surface 
  to 
  become 
  

   covered 
  with 
  mud, 
  which 
  was 
  left 
  dry 
  and 
  ripple-marked 
  at 
  low 
  

   water, 
  and 
  eventually 
  submerged 
  it, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  allow 
  the 
  sand 
  and 
  

   gravel, 
  <&, 
  laid 
  down 
  on 
  this, 
  to 
  be 
  deposited 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  level 
  it 
  reaches 
  

   in 
  fig. 
  XLIV. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  continued 
  the 
  broken 
  line 
  of 
  Map 
  5 
  northwards 
  on 
  the 
  

  

  3a2 
  

  

  