﻿700 
  

  

  SEAELES 
  V. 
  WOOD 
  OX 
  THE 
  NEWER 
  

  

  west 
  of 
  the 
  Wold 
  through 
  Sheet 
  93 
  into 
  96, 
  because 
  the 
  great 
  

   plain 
  of 
  the 
  vale 
  of 
  York 
  is 
  overspread 
  with 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  cor- 
  

   responding 
  in 
  elevation 
  to 
  this, 
  and 
  which 
  extends 
  to 
  the 
  western 
  

   foot 
  of 
  the 
  Wold. 
  I 
  am 
  not 
  aware 
  whether 
  shells 
  have 
  occurred 
  in 
  

   it 
  in 
  this 
  vale 
  ; 
  hut 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  here 
  overlain 
  by 
  the 
  clay 
  of 
  the 
  

   minor 
  glaciation 
  it 
  has, 
  according 
  to 
  Mr. 
  Dakyns 
  (vol. 
  xxviii. 
  of 
  the 
  

   Journal, 
  p. 
  382), 
  yielded 
  mammalian 
  remains. 
  The 
  upper 
  limit 
  

   of 
  this 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  somewhere 
  about 
  100 
  feet, 
  and 
  the 
  sand 
  and 
  

   gravel 
  itself 
  to 
  die 
  out 
  beneath 
  the 
  clay 
  of 
  the 
  minor 
  glaciation, 
  r, 
  

   against 
  the 
  parting 
  between 
  the 
  drainage 
  to 
  the 
  Tees 
  and 
  that 
  to 
  the 
  

   Humber. 
  Near 
  York 
  it 
  passes 
  under 
  this 
  clay, 
  and 
  so 
  continues 
  

   northwards 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  this 
  parting 
  ; 
  but 
  over 
  the 
  eastern 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  vale, 
  between 
  York 
  and 
  the 
  Wold, 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  mostly 
  

   uncovered 
  by 
  this 
  clay. 
  The 
  gravel 
  at 
  corresponding 
  elevation 
  in 
  

   the 
  vale 
  of 
  Pickering 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  age, 
  the 
  sea 
  having 
  

   either 
  overflowed 
  this 
  by 
  entering 
  from 
  the 
  vale 
  of 
  York 
  through 
  

   the 
  gorge 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  Derwent 
  flows 
  outward 
  from 
  this 
  Pickering 
  

   vale, 
  or 
  by 
  raising 
  the 
  water-level 
  within 
  this 
  vale 
  caused 
  the 
  Der- 
  

   went 
  to 
  expand 
  over 
  it 
  : 
  but 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  this 
  gravel 
  appears 
  along 
  

   the 
  Yorkshire 
  coast 
  section, 
  north 
  of 
  that 
  shown 
  in 
  fig. 
  XLIX., 
  until 
  

   the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  Tees 
  valley 
  in 
  Sheet 
  103 
  is 
  reached 
  *. 
  Up 
  that 
  

   valley, 
  however, 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  corresponding 
  to 
  this 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  

   been 
  tracing 
  extends, 
  rising 
  to 
  corresponding 
  elevations 
  on 
  that 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  parting 
  between 
  the 
  Tees 
  and 
  Huniber 
  drainage 
  that 
  the 
  

   gravel 
  of 
  the 
  Yale 
  of 
  York 
  attains 
  on 
  the 
  other, 
  and 
  similarly 
  passing 
  

   under 
  the 
  clay 
  of 
  the 
  minor 
  glaciation, 
  though 
  often 
  uncovered 
  by 
  

   it 
  ; 
  and 
  this, 
  I 
  understand, 
  has 
  yielded 
  shells. 
  Throughout 
  both 
  the 
  

   Yale 
  of 
  York 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Tees 
  this 
  gravel 
  rests 
  on 
  Glacial 
  Clay, 
  

   which 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  varies 
  in 
  character, 
  part 
  of 
  it 
  consisting 
  of 
  lami- 
  

   nated 
  clay 
  used 
  for 
  brick-making, 
  which 
  probably 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  

   earlier 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  major 
  glaciation 
  when 
  the 
  ice 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  de- 
  

   flected, 
  and 
  the 
  rest 
  being 
  the 
  purple 
  clay, 
  D, 
  both 
  of 
  these 
  vales 
  

   having 
  been 
  buried 
  in 
  ice 
  throughout 
  that 
  glaciation. 
  

  

  Northwards 
  from 
  this 
  through 
  Durham 
  and 
  Northumberland, 
  

   from 
  the 
  information 
  furnished 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  Topley, 
  of 
  the 
  

   Geological 
  Survey, 
  I 
  have 
  learnt 
  that 
  a 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  

   preglacial 
  valleys 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  broken 
  line 
  in 
  Sheets 
  105 
  and 
  109 
  

   of 
  Map 
  5 
  follows 
  the 
  direction 
  ; 
  and 
  this, 
  which 
  rests 
  on 
  a 
  Lower 
  

   Clay, 
  is 
  overlain 
  by 
  the 
  clay 
  of 
  the 
  minor 
  glaciation, 
  which, 
  where 
  

   it 
  passes 
  over 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  gravel, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  rest 
  directly 
  on 
  the 
  

   Lower 
  Clay, 
  is 
  not 
  easily 
  distinguished, 
  though 
  as 
  a 
  rule 
  it 
  is, 
  as 
  is 
  

   the 
  case 
  in 
  the 
  north-west 
  of 
  England, 
  much 
  more 
  sparsely 
  supplied 
  

   with 
  boulders 
  (and 
  these 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  of 
  smaller 
  size) 
  than 
  is 
  

   the 
  case 
  with 
  the 
  Lower 
  Clay. 
  

  

  * 
  This 
  I 
  state, 
  however, 
  on 
  my 
  own 
  personal 
  examination, 
  only 
  as 
  far 
  north 
  

   as 
  Scarborough 
  ; 
  and 
  whether 
  any 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  referable 
  to 
  that 
  which 
  I 
  

   am 
  describing 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  small 
  valleys 
  that 
  open 
  seawards 
  from 
  the 
  eastern 
  

   moorlands, 
  I 
  am 
  unable 
  to 
  say. 
  Some 
  lenticular 
  beds 
  of 
  gravel 
  of 
  small 
  extent 
  

   occur 
  in 
  and 
  under 
  the 
  Purple 
  Clay 
  along 
  this 
  coast-section, 
  which 
  lead 
  me 
  to 
  

   the 
  opinion, 
  expressed 
  ante, 
  that 
  the 
  Purple 
  Clay, 
  though 
  terminating 
  under 
  

   errestrial 
  conditions, 
  began 
  by 
  submarine 
  extrusion. 
  

  

  