﻿PLIOCENE 
  PERIOD 
  IN 
  ENGLAND. 
  

  

  '13 
  

  

  figs. 
  XLVI. 
  to 
  XLIX.), 
  wherein 
  it 
  is 
  incomparably 
  more 
  abundant, 
  

   and 
  from 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  Purple 
  Clay 
  (D 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  figures), 
  it 
  is 
  clear 
  

   that 
  the 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  had 
  in 
  some 
  way 
  a 
  different 
  origin 
  from 
  either 
  of 
  

   these, 
  from 
  which 
  also 
  it 
  is 
  usually 
  separated 
  by 
  the 
  Cyrena- 
  forma- 
  

   tion, 
  except 
  where 
  it 
  rises 
  to 
  elevations 
  above 
  those 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  

   submergence 
  in 
  which 
  this 
  formation 
  originated 
  reached, 
  or 
  where 
  

   it 
  has 
  cut 
  out 
  that 
  formation 
  (see 
  r 
  of 
  figs. 
  XLIIL 
  to 
  L.). 
  

  

  Wrapping 
  the 
  clays 
  of 
  the 
  major 
  glaciation 
  thus 
  in 
  Holderness, 
  

   the 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  also 
  extends 
  down 
  the 
  coast-region 
  of 
  Lincolnshire, 
  

   covering 
  the 
  low 
  ground 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Wold 
  nearly 
  to 
  the 
  Wash 
  *, 
  

   being 
  there, 
  as 
  borings 
  have 
  disclosed, 
  underlain 
  by 
  gravel, 
  which 
  

   seems 
  referable 
  to 
  the 
  Cyrena-f 
  orm&tion 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  makes 
  no 
  ap- 
  

   pearance 
  either 
  on 
  the 
  Wold 
  or 
  in 
  the 
  country 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Wold 
  in 
  

   that 
  county, 
  whether 
  at 
  high 
  or 
  low 
  elevations. 
  To 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  

   Humber 
  it 
  spreads 
  over 
  South 
  and 
  Central 
  Holderness, 
  ceasing 
  in 
  

   northern 
  Holderness 
  at 
  the 
  point 
  where 
  its 
  place 
  is 
  taken 
  by 
  the 
  

   considerable 
  accumulation 
  of 
  sand 
  with 
  some 
  included 
  gravel, 
  shown 
  

   in 
  fig. 
  L. 
  by 
  the 
  letters 
  r 
  y, 
  and 
  which 
  at 
  its 
  southern 
  extremity 
  seems 
  

   to 
  pass 
  over 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  this 
  clay. 
  

  

  The 
  deep 
  section 
  of 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  wherein 
  the 
  Cyrena 
  abounds, 
  

   in 
  association 
  with 
  marine 
  Mollusca, 
  at 
  Kelsea 
  Hill 
  in 
  Holderness, 
  

   was 
  in 
  1867 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  overlain 
  by 
  the 
  full 
  thickness 
  of 
  this 
  Clay, 
  

   possessing 
  exactly 
  the 
  characters 
  of 
  subangular 
  chalk 
  and 
  small 
  

   rounded 
  boulders 
  and 
  stones 
  which 
  it 
  has 
  on 
  the 
  coast-section, 
  

   as 
  in 
  the 
  subjoined 
  cut, 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  paper 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Rome 
  and 
  myself 
  

   above 
  mentioned. 
  

  

  Cut 
  iv. 
  — 
  Kelsea-HUl 
  Ballast-pit 
  in 
  April 
  1867, 
  Point 
  A 
  on 
  Map 
  5. 
  

  

  West 
  face. 
  Angle 
  of 
  pit. 
  South 
  face. 
  

  

  1. 
  The 
  gravel 
  with 
  Cyrena 
  fluminaUs 
  in 
  association 
  with 
  marine 
  sheila 
  (<t> 
  of 
  

   the 
  plate). 
  2. 
  The 
  Hessle 
  Clay. 
  3. 
  Gravel, 
  either 
  rainwash, 
  or 
  h 
  of 
  fig. 
  LVI. 
  

   4. 
  Talus. 
  

  

  N.B. 
  The 
  gravel 
  with 
  Cyrena 
  was 
  found 
  by 
  borings 
  to 
  be 
  underlain 
  by 
  a 
  great 
  

   thickness 
  of 
  the 
  Purple 
  (and 
  probably 
  also 
  of 
  the 
  Basement) 
  Clay. 
  

  

  Though 
  from 
  my 
  first 
  knowledge 
  of 
  this 
  clay 
  I 
  have 
  referred 
  

   it 
  to 
  a 
  minor 
  glaciation 
  posterior 
  to 
  the 
  great 
  submergence 
  and 
  gla- 
  

   ciation 
  of 
  England, 
  and 
  connected 
  it 
  and 
  the 
  gravel 
  it 
  covers 
  with 
  

   the 
  beds 
  exposed 
  in 
  the 
  Ctynma-brickcarth 
  sections 
  in 
  the 
  Thames 
  

   valley, 
  yet 
  I 
  have 
  attributed 
  its 
  formation 
  to 
  marine 
  agency 
  and 
  

   coast-ice, 
  and 
  opposed 
  the 
  view 
  of 
  Mr. 
  James 
  Geikie 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  a 
  

   product 
  of 
  land-ice 
  and 
  terrestrially 
  accumulated. 
  And 
  in 
  that 
  

   view 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  supported 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Jukes-Browne, 
  who 
  has 
  traced 
  

   this 
  clay 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  further 
  south 
  than 
  Mr. 
  Home 
  and 
  I 
  did. 
  I 
  

  

  * 
  A 
  patch 
  of 
  sandy 
  clay 
  on 
  the 
  gravel 
  of 
  Stage 
  VI. 
  at 
  March 
  may 
  belong 
  to 
  

   the 
  Hessle 
  Clay, 
  as 
  this 
  clay 
  becomes 
  more 
  sandy 
  in 
  that 
  direction 
  ; 
  and 
  if 
  so, 
  

   would 
  show 
  that 
  this 
  clay 
  reached 
  a 
  little 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Wash. 
  

  

  Q. 
  J. 
  G. 
  S. 
  No. 
  152. 
  3 
  b 
  

  

  