﻿714 
  SEARLES 
  V. 
  WOOD 
  ON 
  THE 
  NEWER 
  

  

  have, 
  however, 
  come 
  to 
  see 
  that 
  Mr. 
  Geikie 
  was 
  right 
  in 
  his 
  conten- 
  

   tion, 
  being 
  led 
  to 
  this 
  partly 
  by 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  any 
  trace 
  of 
  mol- 
  

   luscan 
  remains 
  in 
  this 
  clay, 
  but 
  more 
  particularly 
  by 
  a 
  consideration 
  

   of 
  the 
  areas 
  over 
  which 
  it 
  occurs. 
  As 
  regards 
  the 
  first 
  point, 
  viz. 
  

   the 
  absence 
  of 
  shells, 
  this 
  formation 
  is 
  like 
  the 
  Chalky 
  Clay 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  

   is, 
  I 
  think, 
  clear 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  both 
  clays 
  this 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  

   of 
  the 
  moraine 
  which 
  the 
  clay 
  represents 
  not 
  having 
  been 
  extruded 
  

   subaqueously 
  ; 
  while 
  the 
  opposite 
  character, 
  which 
  marks 
  the 
  synchro- 
  

   nous 
  Upper 
  Clay 
  of 
  the 
  north-west 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  Lower 
  Clay 
  of 
  that 
  

   region, 
  is 
  due 
  to 
  both 
  these 
  having 
  been 
  so 
  extruded, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  

   abrupt 
  way 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  submerged 
  area 
  was 
  in 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  England 
  

   bounded 
  by 
  the 
  mountain-district. 
  As 
  regards 
  the 
  second 
  point, 
  the 
  

   distribution 
  of 
  the 
  Hessle 
  Clay, 
  I 
  was 
  perplexed 
  by 
  finding 
  no 
  trace 
  

   of 
  this 
  north 
  of 
  Bridlington, 
  from 
  which 
  place 
  to 
  Scarborough 
  I 
  

   closely 
  examined 
  the 
  cliff 
  ; 
  for 
  it 
  was 
  clear 
  to 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  Upper 
  

   Clay 
  of 
  Filey, 
  which 
  at 
  the 
  " 
  Brigg 
  " 
  (in 
  Sheet 
  95) 
  passes 
  over 
  the 
  

   edge 
  of 
  the 
  clay 
  occupying 
  the 
  preglacial 
  valley 
  of 
  Pickering, 
  was 
  

   not 
  it, 
  but 
  the 
  Purple 
  Clay 
  (D 
  of 
  figs. 
  XLYI. 
  to 
  L.), 
  with 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  

   continuous. 
  Nor 
  could 
  Mr. 
  Rome 
  recognize 
  it 
  from 
  Scarborough 
  

   northwards 
  until 
  the 
  coast-section 
  begins 
  to 
  intersect 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  

   the 
  preglacial 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Tees 
  at 
  Saltburn 
  (on 
  the 
  western 
  edge 
  

   of 
  Sheet 
  104). 
  There, 
  however, 
  he 
  found 
  it 
  : 
  and 
  together 
  from 
  

   that 
  place 
  we 
  took 
  up 
  the 
  examination 
  again, 
  finding 
  the 
  clay 
  

   continuously 
  westwards 
  through 
  the 
  Tees 
  valley 
  up 
  to 
  Yarm 
  (in 
  

   the 
  south 
  of 
  Sheet 
  103), 
  and 
  reaching 
  to 
  elevations 
  of 
  near 
  400 
  

   feet, 
  where, 
  and 
  down 
  to 
  elevations 
  of 
  about 
  100, 
  it 
  rested 
  on 
  

   the 
  clay 
  of 
  the 
  major 
  glaciation 
  ; 
  but 
  below 
  this 
  elevation 
  it 
  rested 
  

   on 
  the 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  Cyrena- 
  

   formation. 
  

  

  When 
  I 
  came 
  analytically 
  to 
  examine 
  all 
  the 
  phenomena 
  con- 
  

   nected 
  with 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  this 
  memoir, 
  I 
  perceived 
  that 
  the 
  presence 
  

   of 
  this 
  clay 
  up 
  to 
  such 
  elevations 
  against 
  the 
  northern 
  flank 
  of 
  the 
  

   East 
  Moorlands, 
  which 
  forms 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Tees 
  valley, 
  and 
  its 
  

   absence 
  at 
  all 
  elevations 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  flank 
  * 
  was 
  inconsistent 
  with 
  

   a 
  marine 
  origin, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  clay 
  must 
  be 
  the 
  moraine 
  of 
  ice 
  issuing 
  

   through 
  this 
  valley, 
  and 
  through 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Humber, 
  seeking 
  the 
  sea 
  

   in 
  its 
  present 
  position. 
  

  

  The 
  different 
  character 
  of 
  its 
  debris 
  then 
  became 
  explicable 
  ; 
  for 
  

   while 
  from 
  the 
  height 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  ice 
  must 
  have 
  risen 
  within 
  the 
  

   Tees 
  valley 
  it 
  collected 
  there 
  the 
  same 
  material 
  in 
  its 
  moraine 
  as 
  did 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  Purple 
  Clay 
  (except 
  the 
  Shap 
  blocks), 
  though 
  the 
  boulders 
  

   are 
  fewer 
  and 
  generally 
  of 
  less 
  size, 
  the 
  height 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  rose 
  in 
  

   the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Yale 
  of 
  York 
  was 
  so 
  small 
  that, 
  following 
  the 
  

   centre 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  it 
  passed 
  there 
  only 
  over 
  the 
  Cyrena-form&tion. 
  

   From 
  this 
  it 
  collected 
  much 
  of 
  its 
  debris, 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  only 
  after 
  it 
  

  

  * 
  I 
  have 
  (ante, 
  p. 
  685) 
  explained 
  that 
  the 
  Upper 
  and 
  Lower 
  Clays 
  of 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  valleys 
  between 
  Scarborough 
  and 
  the 
  Tees 
  seem 
  to 
  me 
  to 
  be 
  like 
  those 
  

   of 
  Filey 
  cliff: 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  not, 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  Filey, 
  personal 
  observation 
  

   on 
  which 
  to 
  rely 
  in 
  stating 
  that 
  tbe 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  is 
  thus 
  absent 
  further 
  north 
  than 
  

   Scarborough. 
  

  

  

  