﻿716 
  SEAELES 
  V. 
  WOOD 
  ON 
  THE 
  NEWER 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Rome 
  and 
  myself, 
  shows 
  the 
  mode 
  of 
  its 
  occurrence 
  in 
  the 
  mouth 
  

   of 
  the 
  Steeping 
  valley, 
  a 
  confirmation 
  of 
  which 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  

   ]VXr. 
  Jukes-Browne's 
  paper 
  on 
  the 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  in 
  vol. 
  xxxv. 
  of 
  the 
  

   Journal, 
  p. 
  397. 
  The 
  distribution 
  of 
  the 
  clay 
  is 
  shown 
  on 
  Map 
  5, 
  

   wherein 
  the 
  place 
  of 
  this 
  cut 
  is 
  indicated 
  by 
  the 
  letters 
  A 
  P. 
  

  

  The 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Steeping, 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  thus 
  lies, 
  is 
  cut 
  

   out 
  of 
  the 
  Chalky 
  Clay 
  that 
  originally 
  lay 
  up 
  the 
  Wold, 
  but 
  was 
  

   washed 
  out, 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  me, 
  by 
  the 
  ice-water 
  during 
  the 
  retreat 
  of 
  

   the 
  ice 
  of 
  the 
  major 
  glaciation, 
  as 
  described 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  

   memoir 
  (p. 
  505). 
  

  

  The 
  thick 
  outspread 
  of 
  sand 
  with 
  gravel 
  which 
  intervenes 
  between 
  

   Bridlington 
  and 
  the 
  northern 
  edge 
  of 
  this 
  wrapping 
  of 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  in 
  

   Holderness 
  (Ty 
  of 
  fig. 
  L.) 
  may, 
  I 
  think, 
  have 
  resulted 
  from 
  the 
  

   effluent 
  water 
  of 
  this 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  of 
  the 
  minor 
  glaciation 
  in 
  

   the 
  same 
  way 
  that 
  the 
  gravel 
  and 
  sand 
  of 
  West 
  Norfolk 
  described 
  in 
  

   Stage 
  IV. 
  resulted 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  edge 
  there 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  of 
  the 
  major 
  

   glaciation 
  ; 
  and 
  small 
  pocket-like 
  patches 
  of 
  gravel 
  which 
  cut 
  through 
  

   the 
  continuous 
  cover 
  of 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  along 
  the 
  Holderness 
  Cliff, 
  and 
  

   are 
  marked 
  by 
  the 
  letters 
  Ty 
  in 
  figs. 
  XLVII. 
  and 
  XLIX., 
  appear 
  

   to 
  me 
  to 
  have 
  had 
  their 
  origin 
  also 
  from 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  this 
  ice. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  already 
  mentioned 
  that 
  the 
  upper 
  clay 
  of 
  Northumberland, 
  

   Cheshire, 
  Lancashire, 
  and 
  Cumberland 
  is, 
  in 
  my 
  view, 
  the 
  moraine 
  

   of 
  this 
  minor 
  glaciation 
  ; 
  and 
  all 
  of 
  it 
  resembles 
  the 
  Hessle 
  

   Clay 
  in 
  the 
  small 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  formation 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  

   clay 
  of 
  the 
  major 
  glaciation, 
  in 
  the 
  paucity 
  and 
  smaller 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  

   boulders, 
  and 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  red 
  colour 
  of 
  the 
  clay, 
  though 
  to 
  what 
  

   cause 
  such 
  a 
  similarity 
  of 
  colour 
  can 
  be 
  due 
  it 
  is 
  hard 
  to 
  suggest. 
  

   This 
  identity 
  is 
  even 
  further 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  Upper 
  Clay 
  in 
  Lancashire 
  

   being 
  frequently 
  penetrated 
  by 
  vertical 
  partings 
  of 
  cinereous 
  colour, 
  

   a 
  character 
  which 
  is 
  constant 
  with 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  in 
  Holderness, 
  and 
  

   which 
  partings 
  I 
  could 
  not 
  perceive 
  ever 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Purple 
  Clay 
  

   where 
  that 
  forms 
  the 
  surface. 
  The 
  partings 
  are 
  of 
  course 
  due 
  to 
  

   atmospheric 
  agency. 
  

  

  The 
  difference 
  in 
  conditions 
  between 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  sides 
  of 
  

   England 
  during 
  this 
  minor 
  glaciation 
  is 
  only 
  the 
  supplement 
  to 
  the 
  

   important 
  feature 
  which 
  throughout 
  this 
  memoir 
  I 
  have 
  dwelt 
  

   upon 
  as 
  the 
  key 
  to 
  the 
  whole 
  question 
  of 
  the 
  Newer 
  Pliocene 
  period, 
  

   viz. 
  the 
  westerly 
  increment 
  of 
  depression 
  ; 
  and 
  thus 
  it 
  is 
  that 
  while 
  

   we 
  find 
  no 
  shells 
  in 
  the 
  Hessle 
  Clay, 
  nor 
  any 
  bed 
  posterior 
  to 
  it 
  

   on 
  the 
  eastern 
  side 
  which 
  furnishes 
  indication 
  of 
  any 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  

   side 
  having 
  at 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  that 
  clay 
  been 
  below 
  the 
  sea-level 
  *, 
  we 
  

   find 
  both 
  of 
  these 
  features 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Clay 
  of 
  the 
  north- 
  

   west, 
  as 
  described 
  in 
  the 
  sequel. 
  It 
  appears 
  to 
  me 
  that 
  the 
  land-ice 
  

   in 
  which 
  this 
  morainic 
  clay 
  originated 
  did 
  not 
  extend 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  reach 
  

   the 
  sea 
  until 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  depression 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  Cyrena- 
  

  

  * 
  I 
  found 
  the 
  Hessle 
  Clay 
  exposed 
  in 
  full 
  section 
  resting 
  on 
  the 
  sand, 
  4>, 
  35 
  

   feet 
  below 
  spring-tide 
  high-water 
  mark 
  in 
  the 
  Hull 
  dock, 
  when 
  the 
  excavations 
  

   were 
  in 
  progress 
  ; 
  and 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  more 
  indication 
  afforded 
  by 
  it 
  in 
  that 
  

   position 
  of 
  a 
  marine 
  origin 
  than 
  there 
  is 
  at 
  its 
  highest 
  elevations. 
  This 
  shows, 
  

   I 
  think, 
  that 
  the 
  sea-level 
  was 
  at 
  this 
  time, 
  in 
  Holderness, 
  25 
  feet 
  at 
  least 
  below 
  

   the 
  present. 
  

  

  

  