﻿PLIOCENE 
  PERIOD 
  IN 
  ENGLAND. 
  

  

  19 
  

  

  that 
  figure 
  as 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  

   chalky 
  clay, 
  but 
  left 
  these 
  pebble- 
  

   capped 
  eminences 
  (Stock 
  and 
  Bil- 
  

   lericay 
  in 
  the 
  figure, 
  and 
  Langdon, 
  

   Warley, 
  Havering, 
  South 
  Weald, 
  

   Frierning, 
  and 
  other 
  hills 
  of 
  South 
  

   Essex) 
  exposed 
  to 
  the 
  atmosphere, 
  

   has 
  covered 
  them 
  with 
  a 
  bed 
  of 
  

   clay-gravel 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  feet 
  thick, 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  pebbles 
  (which 
  in 
  the 
  

   original 
  beds, 
  No. 
  VIII. 
  , 
  rest 
  hori- 
  

   zontally 
  on 
  their 
  shorter 
  axes) 
  are 
  

   for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  set 
  up 
  vertically 
  

   on 
  their 
  longer 
  axes. 
  An 
  accurate 
  

   representation 
  of 
  a 
  section 
  at 
  South 
  

   Weald 
  showing 
  this 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  Geol. 
  

   Survey 
  Memoirs, 
  vol. 
  iv. 
  p. 
  324. 
  

  

  By 
  permission 
  of 
  the 
  Council, 
  I 
  

   give 
  here, 
  from 
  a 
  paper 
  by 
  Mr. 
  \l. 
  

   N. 
  Man 
  tell 
  in 
  the 
  sixth 
  volume 
  of 
  

   the 
  Journal, 
  a 
  representation 
  of 
  a 
  

   cutting 
  at 
  Trowbridge, 
  wherein 
  the 
  

   Jurassic 
  strata 
  are 
  enveloped 
  by 
  

   this 
  formation, 
  in 
  which 
  Mr. 
  Man- 
  

   tell 
  says 
  the 
  bones 
  of 
  mammalia 
  

   occur. 
  The 
  site 
  of 
  this, 
  which 
  is 
  

   in 
  the 
  1ST.W. 
  of 
  Sheet 
  14, 
  was 
  sea 
  

   during 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  Chalky 
  

   Clay, 
  and 
  is 
  so 
  represented 
  in 
  the 
  

   continuation 
  of 
  Map 
  2. 
  The 
  at- 
  

   mospheric-formation 
  there 
  can 
  thus 
  

   be 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  minor 
  glaciation 
  

   only. 
  

  

  The 
  atmospheric 
  formation 
  thus 
  

   arising 
  during 
  the 
  minor 
  glacia- 
  

   tion 
  is, 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  me, 
  also 
  repre- 
  

   sented 
  by 
  the 
  amorphous 
  cave- 
  

   earth, 
  which, 
  sliding 
  over 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   face, 
  has 
  penetrated 
  the 
  fissures 
  

   of 
  the 
  limestone 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   caves 
  occur*, 
  and 
  so 
  entered 
  the 
  

   caves, 
  carrying 
  with 
  it 
  the 
  bones 
  

   not 
  only 
  of 
  all 
  animals 
  which, 
  

   dying 
  on 
  the 
  land, 
  were 
  preserved 
  

  

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  * 
  The 
  Victoria 
  Cave, 
  near 
  Settle, 
  being 
  

   within 
  the 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  land-ice 
  of 
  this 
  

   glaciation, 
  is 
  not 
  filled 
  with 
  this 
  amor- 
  

   phous 
  earth, 
  but 
  with 
  finely 
  stratified 
  

   clay 
  due 
  to 
  aqueous 
  deposition, 
  possibly 
  

   bv 
  water 
  from 
  beneath 
  the 
  land-ice. 
  

  

  cd 
  s: 
  

  

  C£ 
  

  

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  3 
  

  

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