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  SEARLES 
  V. 
  WOOD 
  ON 
  THE 
  NEWER 
  

  

  by 
  the 
  antiseptic 
  character 
  of 
  an 
  arctic 
  climate, 
  but 
  also, 
  I 
  suspect, 
  

   the 
  bones 
  of 
  animals 
  wbich, 
  having 
  left 
  their 
  remains 
  in 
  the 
  

   superficial 
  formations 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  preceding 
  period 
  (and 
  possibly 
  

   even 
  of 
  those 
  which, 
  dying 
  as 
  the 
  arctic 
  climate 
  was 
  coming 
  on, 
  

   were 
  preserved 
  in 
  mere 
  soil 
  by 
  this 
  climate), 
  became 
  mixed 
  up 
  

   in 
  this 
  earth 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  animals, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  Reindeer 
  and 
  

   Mammoth, 
  which 
  inhabited 
  the 
  country 
  during 
  this 
  glaciation. 
  

  

  The 
  cave-earth, 
  as 
  is 
  well 
  known, 
  is 
  invariably 
  sealed 
  up 
  with 
  

   an 
  overlying 
  layer 
  of 
  stalagmite, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  instances 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  

   underlain 
  by 
  this. 
  It 
  is 
  well 
  known 
  that 
  stalagmite 
  is 
  the 
  deposit 
  

   of 
  carbonate 
  of 
  lime 
  formed 
  by 
  the 
  percolation 
  of 
  rain-water 
  

   through 
  limestone-rock; 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  obvious 
  that 
  when 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  

   perennially 
  frozen 
  in 
  the 
  way 
  described, 
  so 
  that 
  no 
  vertical 
  escape 
  

   of 
  the 
  rain- 
  or 
  snow-water 
  can 
  take 
  place, 
  no 
  stalagmite 
  can 
  form 
  

   though 
  the 
  fissures 
  give 
  access 
  to 
  the 
  sliding 
  mud 
  which 
  becomes 
  

   cave-oarth. 
  Hence 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  stalagmite 
  during 
  the 
  formation 
  

   of 
  the 
  cave-earth 
  ; 
  that 
  which 
  underlies 
  it 
  having 
  been 
  the 
  result 
  

   of 
  infiltration 
  during 
  the 
  mild 
  climate 
  which 
  preceded 
  and 
  partly 
  

   accompanied 
  the 
  Ctyr£H«-formation 
  in 
  such 
  caves 
  as 
  were 
  not 
  at 
  that 
  

   time 
  submerged 
  : 
  and 
  that 
  which 
  overlies 
  it 
  having 
  been 
  the 
  result 
  

   of 
  infiltration 
  since 
  the 
  minor 
  glaciation 
  passed 
  away. 
  In 
  caves 
  

   that 
  were 
  in 
  existence 
  before 
  the 
  great 
  glaciation, 
  we 
  might 
  

   expect 
  three 
  layers 
  of 
  stalagmite 
  — 
  the 
  lower 
  of 
  preglacial 
  age 
  ; 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  the 
  age 
  preceding 
  the 
  Cymirt-formation 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  upper 
  

   of 
  the 
  time 
  since 
  the 
  minor 
  glaciation 
  passed 
  away 
  ; 
  and 
  such 
  ap- 
  

   pear 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  caverns 
  near 
  Liege 
  beyond 
  the 
  limit 
  of 
  the 
  Newer 
  

   Pliocene 
  submergence. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  the 
  formation 
  also 
  under 
  which 
  the 
  cliffs 
  of 
  Sangatte, 
  

   Brighton, 
  Isle 
  of 
  Wight 
  Foreland, 
  Portland, 
  and 
  Sili 
  Bay 
  are 
  buried, 
  

   the 
  splinters 
  of 
  flint 
  and 
  limestone 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  splitting-up 
  action 
  

   of 
  the 
  intense 
  frost 
  upon 
  the 
  flints 
  and 
  stone, 
  to 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  referred, 
  

   being 
  distributed 
  through 
  the 
  burying 
  material 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  cases. 
  

   In 
  Mr. 
  Codrington's 
  representation 
  of 
  the 
  buried 
  cliff 
  of 
  the 
  Isle 
  of 
  

   Wight 
  Foreland, 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  copied 
  in 
  fig. 
  LV., 
  the 
  accumulation 
  

   which 
  I 
  have 
  described 
  as 
  resulting 
  from 
  the 
  packing 
  of 
  the 
  ice- 
  

   floes 
  on 
  the 
  beach, 
  and 
  which 
  at 
  Brighton 
  and 
  Portland 
  first 
  filled 
  

   up 
  the 
  cavity 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  cliff-face, 
  and 
  presents 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  

   having 
  been 
  doubled 
  back 
  on 
  itself, 
  is 
  not 
  shown 
  ; 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  

   cliff-cavity 
  being 
  represented 
  as 
  filled 
  with 
  the 
  earth 
  with 
  angular 
  

   fragments 
  of 
  flint. 
  The 
  remains 
  of 
  the 
  Elephant 
  have 
  occurred 
  

   in 
  the 
  material 
  under 
  which 
  the 
  old 
  cliff 
  at 
  Brighton 
  is 
  buried 
  : 
  

   and 
  Mr. 
  Mantell 
  mentions 
  that 
  they 
  also 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  bed 
  1 
  of 
  

   his 
  section. 
  

  

  By 
  permission 
  of 
  the 
  authors 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  Council, 
  I 
  here 
  give 
  the 
  

   cut 
  representing 
  the 
  buried 
  cliff 
  of 
  Brighton 
  from 
  Mr. 
  A. 
  Tylor's 
  

   paper 
  in 
  the 
  25th 
  volume, 
  and 
  that 
  representing 
  the 
  buried 
  cliff 
  of 
  

   Portland 
  from 
  Prof. 
  Prestwich's 
  paper 
  in 
  the 
  31st 
  volume 
  of 
  the 
  

   Journal, 
  each 
  of 
  which 
  shows 
  this 
  doubling 
  back. 
  

  

  