﻿56 
  PKOCEEDECTGS 
  CF 
  THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  

  

  claims 
  originality 
  for 
  that 
  part 
  which 
  deals 
  with 
  the 
  elevation 
  of 
  

   mountain-chains 
  by 
  tangential 
  or 
  lateral 
  pressures, 
  these 
  views 
  

   having 
  been 
  enunciated 
  by 
  Constant 
  Prevost 
  forty 
  years 
  previously. 
  

  

  Mallet's 
  theory 
  was 
  that 
  the 
  heat 
  from 
  which 
  terrestrial 
  volcanic 
  

   energy 
  is 
  at 
  present 
  derived, 
  is 
  produced 
  locally 
  within 
  the 
  solid 
  

   shell 
  of 
  our 
  globe 
  by 
  a 
  transformation 
  of 
  the 
  mechanical 
  work 
  of 
  

   compression, 
  or 
  of 
  crushings 
  of 
  portions 
  of 
  that 
  shell, 
  which 
  are 
  

   themselves 
  produced 
  by 
  the 
  more 
  rapid 
  contraction 
  by 
  cooling 
  of 
  

   the 
  hotter 
  material 
  of 
  the 
  nucleus 
  beneath 
  the 
  shell. 
  He 
  was 
  the 
  

   first 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  there 
  exist 
  all 
  the 
  necessary 
  conditions 
  for 
  the 
  

   production 
  of 
  volcanic 
  heat 
  and 
  energy 
  by 
  the 
  transformation 
  of 
  

   work 
  into 
  heat, 
  in 
  the 
  work 
  arising 
  chiefly 
  from 
  the 
  descent 
  of 
  the 
  

   crust 
  of 
  the 
  earth 
  as 
  a 
  terraqueous 
  cooling 
  planet, 
  colligating 
  or 
  

   binding 
  together 
  the 
  phenomena 
  of 
  deformation 
  of 
  the 
  earth 
  as 
  a 
  

   spheroid 
  of 
  mountain-elevation 
  and 
  surface-depression, 
  including 
  

   faults 
  and 
  fissures 
  of 
  hypogcal 
  or 
  deep-seated 
  origin, 
  and 
  of 
  vulca- 
  

   nicity, 
  including 
  volcanoes 
  and 
  earthquakes. 
  All 
  these 
  he 
  brought 
  

   together 
  into 
  one 
  category 
  of 
  origin 
  as 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   cosmical 
  mechanism, 
  the 
  energy 
  of 
  which 
  has 
  decayed 
  and 
  is 
  decay- 
  

   ing 
  as 
  the 
  world 
  grows 
  older 
  and 
  loses 
  heat, 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  slowly 
  

   as 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  rate 
  at 
  which 
  it 
  lost 
  it 
  when 
  a 
  molten 
  sphe- 
  

   roid 
  with 
  a 
  thin 
  but 
  ever 
  thickening 
  crust 
  *. 
  

  

  This 
  paper 
  has 
  done 
  more 
  to 
  illustrate 
  tho 
  application 
  of 
  thermo- 
  

   dynamics 
  in 
  geology, 
  and 
  the 
  necessity 
  for 
  a 
  thorough 
  mechanical 
  

   and 
  physical 
  education 
  to 
  complete 
  that 
  of 
  a 
  physical 
  geologist, 
  than 
  

   any 
  other 
  yet 
  published. 
  

  

  Robert 
  Mallet 
  contributed 
  no 
  less 
  than 
  eighty-one 
  papers 
  to 
  

   various 
  learned 
  societies 
  between 
  the 
  years 
  1838 
  and 
  1880; 
  five 
  

   occur 
  in 
  our 
  Journal. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Robert 
  Mallet 
  was 
  elected 
  a 
  Eellow 
  of 
  the 
  Royal 
  Society 
  in 
  

   1854 
  ; 
  and 
  he 
  received 
  the 
  Wollaston 
  Medal 
  in 
  1877. 
  

  

  Ami 
  Botje, 
  was 
  born 
  at 
  Hamburg, 
  March 
  16, 
  1794. 
  He 
  re- 
  

   ceived 
  his 
  early 
  education 
  partly 
  in 
  his 
  native 
  city, 
  and 
  partly 
  in 
  

   Geneva 
  and 
  Paris. 
  In 
  1814 
  he 
  proceeded 
  to 
  Edinburgh, 
  and 
  entered 
  

   as 
  a 
  student 
  in 
  that 
  University, 
  having 
  chosen 
  the 
  medical 
  pro- 
  

   fession. 
  The 
  Chair 
  of 
  Natural 
  History 
  and 
  Geology 
  was 
  held 
  at 
  

   that 
  time 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Robert 
  Jameson. 
  After 
  every 
  lecture 
  one 
  hour 
  

   was 
  always 
  devoted 
  to 
  a 
  practical 
  demonstration 
  by 
  the 
  Professor 
  

   on 
  the 
  specimens 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  treated 
  of 
  ; 
  and 
  frequent 
  excur- 
  

   sions 
  were 
  made 
  by 
  him 
  with 
  his 
  students 
  to 
  the 
  most 
  instructive 
  

   localities 
  near 
  Edinburgh 
  and 
  in 
  Eifeshire, 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  rocks 
  in 
  situ. 
  

   Under 
  him 
  Boue 
  became 
  well 
  versed 
  in 
  the 
  geology 
  and 
  mineralogy 
  

   of 
  that 
  date. 
  During 
  his 
  residence 
  at 
  Edinburgh 
  he 
  made 
  geolo- 
  

   gical 
  visits 
  to 
  various 
  parts 
  of 
  Scotland 
  and 
  the 
  Hebrides, 
  the 
  results 
  

   of 
  which 
  he 
  published 
  in 
  1820 
  at 
  Paris. 
  In 
  August 
  of 
  1817 
  he 
  

   received 
  his 
  diploma 
  as 
  Doctor 
  of 
  Medicine. 
  

  

  * 
  See 
  Palraieri, 
  ' 
  The 
  Eruption 
  of 
  Vesuvius 
  in 
  1872 
  ; 
  with 
  Notice 
  and 
  Intro- 
  

   ductory 
  Sketch 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  State 
  of 
  Knowledge 
  of 
  Terrestrial 
  Vuloanicity, 
  by 
  

   Robert 
  Mallet.' 
  8vo. 
  London, 
  1873. 
  

  

  