﻿ANNIVERSARY 
  ADDRESS 
  OP 
  THE 
  PRESIDENT. 
  69 
  

  

  Coast 
  of 
  Scotland. 
  2. 
  The 
  Secondary 
  Strata 
  of 
  the 
  Western 
  Coast 
  

   and 
  Islands 
  of 
  Scotland. 
  3. 
  A 
  general 
  Comparison 
  of 
  the 
  Scottish 
  Me- 
  

   sozoic 
  Strata 
  with 
  their 
  Equivalents 
  in 
  England 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Continent. 
  

   Nothing 
  perhaps 
  can 
  be 
  more 
  strikingly 
  different 
  than 
  the 
  condi- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  Jurassic 
  deposits 
  in 
  Scotland 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  typical 
  districts 
  

   in 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  middle 
  of 
  England. 
  In 
  the 
  south 
  the 
  entire 
  series 
  

   of 
  the 
  Jurassic 
  rocks, 
  from 
  the 
  lowest 
  Lias 
  to 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  

   Oolite, 
  contains 
  strata 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  deposited 
  under 
  various 
  con- 
  

   ditions, 
  yet 
  of 
  undoubted 
  marine 
  origin 
  — 
  depth 
  of 
  water, 
  distance 
  

   from 
  shore, 
  and 
  nature 
  of 
  sediment 
  being 
  all 
  elements 
  indicated 
  by 
  

   their 
  present 
  physical 
  aspects. 
  In 
  England, 
  estuarine 
  conditions 
  

   seem 
  first 
  to 
  have 
  commenced 
  in 
  the 
  Rhaetic 
  at 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  

   deposition 
  of 
  the 
  Triassic 
  rocks. 
  In 
  the 
  midland 
  district 
  the 
  

   Jurassic 
  series, 
  especially 
  amidst 
  its 
  lower 
  members, 
  exhibits 
  many 
  

   intercalated 
  beds 
  possessing 
  undoubted 
  estuarine 
  characters, 
  and 
  

   although 
  insignificant 
  in 
  known 
  extent, 
  they 
  are 
  any 
  thing 
  but 
  that 
  

   when 
  we 
  investigate 
  the 
  causes 
  which 
  produced 
  them. 
  

  

  In 
  Yorkshire, 
  during 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  Lower-Oolitic 
  period, 
  from 
  the 
  

   top 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Lias, 
  or 
  from 
  the 
  Dogger 
  to 
  the 
  Cornbrash 
  inclusive, 
  

   estuarine 
  conditions 
  prevailed 
  over 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  area, 
  much 
  of 
  which 
  

   is 
  now 
  under 
  the 
  water 
  of 
  the 
  German 
  Ocean. 
  These 
  estuarine 
  strata, 
  

   which 
  are 
  nearly 
  1000 
  feet 
  in 
  thickness, 
  are 
  composed 
  of 
  sandstones, 
  

   shales, 
  ironstones, 
  and 
  thin 
  seams 
  of 
  coal. 
  The 
  Millepore 
  lime- 
  

   stones 
  and 
  the 
  " 
  grey 
  or 
  Scarborough 
  limestone 
  " 
  intercalated 
  amidst 
  

   the 
  estuarine 
  series 
  are 
  both 
  subordinate 
  in 
  character 
  and 
  insignifi- 
  

   cant 
  in 
  extent 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  great 
  arenaceous 
  and 
  shaly 
  

   deposits 
  among 
  which 
  they 
  appear 
  almost 
  accidentally 
  to 
  occur, 
  or 
  

   with 
  the 
  marine 
  series 
  of 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  England. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  Judd 
  shows 
  that 
  as 
  we 
  go 
  further 
  north 
  into 
  Scotland 
  

   this 
  gradual 
  change 
  of 
  conditions 
  is 
  carried 
  still 
  further. 
  He 
  shows 
  

   conclusively 
  that 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  Lias, 
  up 
  to 
  and 
  in- 
  

   cluding 
  the 
  Upper 
  Oolite, 
  there 
  are 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  series 
  of 
  beds 
  exhi- 
  

   biting 
  estuarine 
  characters. 
  Mr. 
  Judd 
  recognizes 
  two 
  types 
  of 
  

   petrological 
  character, 
  the 
  argillaceous 
  and 
  arenaceous 
  types. 
  The 
  

   alternating 
  groups 
  of 
  marine 
  strata 
  yield 
  remarkable 
  and 
  well-pre- 
  

   served 
  faunas, 
  through 
  which 
  we 
  are 
  enabled 
  to 
  fix 
  with 
  great 
  

   precision 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  these 
  estuarine 
  deposits. 
  

  

  The 
  arenaceous 
  type 
  of 
  the 
  estuarine 
  series 
  is 
  characterized 
  by 
  beds 
  

   of 
  sandstone 
  and 
  shale 
  &c, 
  showing 
  every 
  evidence 
  of 
  deposition 
  

   under 
  shallow-water 
  conditions 
  ; 
  they 
  strikingly 
  resemble 
  the 
  are- 
  

   naceous 
  series 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  Oolite 
  of 
  the 
  Yorkshire 
  coast. 
  

  

  The 
  argillaceous 
  type 
  is 
  characterized 
  by 
  finely 
  laminated 
  clays 
  of 
  

   various 
  colours. 
  These 
  clays 
  are 
  crowded 
  with 
  shells 
  of 
  Cyrena, 
  

   TJnio, 
  Paludina, 
  and 
  dwarfed 
  Ostrece, 
  &c, 
  with 
  valves 
  of 
  Cy 
  prides 
  

   and 
  Estlierice 
  ; 
  and 
  they 
  contain 
  bone-beds 
  composed 
  of 
  the 
  bones 
  of 
  

   fish 
  and 
  reptiles, 
  plant-remains, 
  and 
  interstratified 
  lignite 
  or 
  coal, 
  

   in 
  places 
  several 
  feet 
  thick. 
  The 
  conditions 
  that 
  prevailed 
  at 
  the 
  

   Jurassic 
  epoch 
  in 
  this 
  area 
  singularly 
  confirm 
  the 
  conclusions 
  of 
  

   Mr. 
  Godwin- 
  Austen 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  extended 
  land 
  during 
  

   this 
  long 
  period 
  in 
  the 
  North-European 
  area. 
  

  

  