durated the wash of water has cut it into huge pinnacles, with 

 sides nearly, if not quite, vertical. Where there happens to be 

 little or no gravel, it stands at a much lower angle, and it is in 

 such places that ^the resemblance is seen to the clays further 

 north. This clay is well seen for upwards of two miles, and 

 before losing its distinctive character, where the Cambrian lime- 

 stones begin, attains a height of 150 feet or more. Beyond this 

 the clays do not form the escarpment, and so are not prominent, 

 being seen occasionally at the top of the cliffs. As the ground 

 slopes almost without a break from the top of the escarpment to 

 the Sellick's Ranges, these clays must be of immense volume. 



Some five and a half miles south of the jetty — a mile south of 

 where these clays first replace the sandhills — is seen a small patch 

 of Eocene polyzoal limestone at their base. This bed is never 

 visibly above 20 feet in height, and is about 600 yards long in 

 all. It is largely worn away at the base, and owing to this its 

 thinness and the weight of the overlying clays — here 80 to a 100 

 feet in height — it is greatly broken about. The result is that the 

 dip of the bed is hard to estimate, but seems to be five to seven 

 degrees to the south. That the dip is low is shown by the fact 

 that a small extension of this bed as a reef presents a nearly flat 

 surface, not a series of ridges, as is the case further south. 



This limestone is of a distinct yellowish tinge, and very pure, 

 over 90 per cent, being soluble in acid, the balance being clay, 

 not sand. It is made up almost entirely of polyzoa, with a fair 

 number of other fossils, but most in such fragments as to be un- 

 recognisable, or at any rate not in a condition to be removed 

 from the rock, which is extremely friable, crumbling under very 

 little pressure. It is greatly undermined by the sea, which 

 reaches it whenever the tide is higher than usual. The reef is, of 

 course, much more indurated, or it could not exist. 



For three-quarters of a mile further after the last of this lime- 

 stone the clays form the escarpment, owing to their easy erosion 

 somewhat back from the beach, and then Cambrian makes its 

 appearance — mainly shale at first. The Cambrian strata here 

 dip at an angle of 75° to the north-west, but the inclination is 

 not well-shown, as, while the coast faces about west, the escarp- 

 ment is irregular, sloping back from the beach, and somewhat 

 overgrown ; also devoid of distinct bands. 



Up to this point the coast has run pretty consistently north 

 and south, there being a slight bay from the Miocene reef south- 

 wards. Here it takes a sharp turn towards the west, and is 

 henceforth very irregular. There is practically no more bea^h, 

 the shore-line being either a reef or else piled up with detached 

 boulders, with sometimes a few feet of sand interspersed with 

 rocky debris at the foot of the escarpment. 



