﻿36 
  ME. 
  H. 
  T. 
  BEOWN 
  ON 
  THE 
  PEEMIA.N 
  

  

  effects 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  Post-Carboniferous, 
  Pre-Permian 
  movements 
  

   were 
  at 
  a 
  maximum. 
  

  

  Our 
  Leicestershire 
  rocks, 
  on 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  are 
  so 
  entirely 
  dis- 
  

   similar, 
  both 
  in 
  lithological 
  characters 
  and 
  succession, 
  to 
  the 
  deposits 
  

   which 
  occur 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Pennine 
  chain 
  from 
  Notting- 
  

   hamshire 
  to 
  Durham, 
  and 
  which 
  doubtless 
  underlie 
  a 
  large 
  portion 
  

   of 
  the 
  north-east 
  of 
  England, 
  that 
  on 
  this 
  account 
  alone 
  we 
  should 
  

   suspect 
  that 
  the 
  two 
  series 
  were 
  laid 
  down 
  in 
  different 
  basins. 
  We 
  

   have 
  seen 
  that 
  the 
  Leicestershire 
  rocks 
  thin 
  out 
  rapidly 
  to 
  the 
  north- 
  

   east 
  and 
  east 
  against 
  an 
  old 
  land-barrier 
  ; 
  and 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  Wilson, 
  F.G.S. 
  

   ('Midland 
  Naturalist,' 
  vol. 
  iv. 
  p. 
  97 
  et 
  seq.\ 
  has 
  clearly 
  shown 
  that, 
  

   whilst 
  the 
  Permians 
  of 
  the 
  north-east 
  of 
  England 
  thicken 
  out 
  towards 
  

   the 
  north 
  and 
  east, 
  and 
  acquire 
  in 
  these 
  directions 
  the 
  characters 
  of 
  

   deeper-water 
  deposits, 
  the 
  same 
  beds 
  when 
  traced 
  to 
  the 
  southward 
  

   become 
  more 
  arenaceous, 
  thin 
  out, 
  and 
  ultimately 
  die 
  away 
  alto- 
  

   gether 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  Nottingham, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  Coal- 
  

   measures 
  rising 
  up 
  beneath 
  them 
  and 
  forming 
  what, 
  in 
  Permian 
  

   times, 
  was 
  a 
  land-barrier. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  northerly 
  exposure 
  of 
  the 
  Leicestershire 
  Permian 
  is 
  at 
  

   Ingleby, 
  13 
  miles 
  south-west 
  of 
  the 
  nearest 
  outcrop 
  of 
  the 
  Notting- 
  

   hamshire 
  Permian. 
  North 
  and 
  east 
  of 
  Ingleby 
  the 
  Permian 
  is 
  

   absent 
  *, 
  and 
  we 
  know, 
  from 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  trials 
  for 
  coal 
  at 
  Wilford, 
  

   Clifton, 
  Highfield, 
  Chitwell, 
  and 
  Owthorpe, 
  that 
  the 
  same 
  is 
  the 
  case 
  

   to 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  south-west 
  of 
  Nottingham. 
  These 
  facts 
  prove 
  the 
  

   existence 
  of 
  a 
  land-barrier 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  Permian 
  lakes 
  at 
  this 
  

   point 
  ; 
  and 
  there 
  can 
  be 
  but 
  little 
  doubt 
  that 
  this 
  had 
  its 
  origin 
  in 
  

   the 
  southerly 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  Pennine 
  disturbance, 
  which 
  we 
  have 
  

   seen 
  produced 
  well-marked 
  effects 
  even 
  much 
  further 
  to 
  the 
  south. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  possible, 
  after 
  making 
  due 
  allowance 
  for 
  a 
  certain 
  amount 
  

   of 
  denudation 
  in 
  Bunter 
  and 
  Lower 
  Keuper 
  times, 
  to 
  trace, 
  with 
  a 
  

   fair 
  approximation 
  to 
  accuracy, 
  a 
  small 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  coast-line 
  

   of 
  the 
  western 
  Permian 
  lake. 
  Its 
  probable 
  course, 
  commencing 
  on 
  

   the 
  north, 
  was 
  through 
  Stanton-Bridge, 
  Ticknall, 
  Hartshorn, 
  Black- 
  

   fordby, 
  Ashby, 
  a 
  little 
  west 
  of 
  Heather, 
  Market 
  Bnsworth, 
  then 
  on 
  

   towards 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Warwickshire 
  Coal-field, 
  whence 
  it 
  

   must 
  have 
  taken 
  a 
  southerly 
  course 
  for 
  some 
  distance, 
  thus 
  forming 
  

   a 
  somewhat 
  deeply 
  indented 
  bay 
  facing 
  north-west. 
  The 
  rocks 
  

   forming 
  the 
  land 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  this 
  bay 
  had 
  already 
  been 
  folded 
  in 
  

   a 
  north-north-westerly 
  and 
  south-south-easterly 
  direction 
  ; 
  and 
  since 
  

   this 
  folding 
  of 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  and 
  older 
  Palaeozoics 
  brought 
  to 
  

   the 
  surface 
  beds 
  of 
  varying 
  hardness, 
  there 
  must 
  have 
  resulted 
  a 
  

   series 
  of 
  ridges 
  and 
  valleys 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  coincident 
  with 
  the 
  

   strike 
  of 
  the 
  beds, 
  and 
  resembling 
  very 
  much 
  the 
  contour 
  of 
  the 
  

   ground 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  in 
  the 
  Nuneaton-Hartshill 
  district. 
  

   Down 
  these 
  strike- 
  valleys 
  flowed 
  the 
  streams, 
  bringing 
  detritus 
  into 
  

   the 
  Permian 
  lake 
  from 
  the 
  high 
  ground 
  on 
  the 
  south. 
  We 
  have 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  so-called 
  Permian 
  between 
  Derby 
  and 
  Ilkeston 
  has 
  been 
  shown 
  by 
  

   Mr. 
  Wilson 
  to 
  be 
  brecciated 
  Bunter 
  sandstone, 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  Dale 
  Mill 
  to 
  be 
  

   Lower 
  Coal-measure 
  sandstone. 
  

  

  