﻿ROCKS 
  OF 
  THE 
  LEICESTERSHIRE 
  COAL-FIELD. 
  39 
  

  

  wood, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  breccias 
  did 
  not 
  obtain 
  materials 
  from 
  the 
  

   Lickey, 
  the 
  east 
  side 
  of 
  which 
  he 
  believed 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  partly 
  

   covered 
  by 
  Coal-measures 
  at 
  that 
  period. 
  The 
  specimens 
  were 
  not 
  

   exactly 
  of 
  the 
  Hartshill 
  type, 
  and 
  he 
  was 
  prepared 
  to 
  believe 
  that 
  

   they 
  came 
  from 
  a 
  ridge 
  now 
  no 
  longer 
  visible. 
  He 
  thought, 
  from 
  the 
  

   nature 
  of 
  the 
  cleavages 
  in 
  the 
  older 
  rocks 
  of 
  Charnwood, 
  that 
  there 
  

   must 
  have 
  been 
  pre-Carboniferous 
  movements 
  also 
  in 
  that 
  district. 
  

   He 
  commented 
  on 
  the 
  small 
  volume 
  of 
  these 
  Permian 
  breccias. 
  

   They 
  differ 
  in 
  this 
  respect 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  general 
  character 
  of 
  their 
  

   materials 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Bunter, 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  which 
  he 
  believed 
  

   to 
  have 
  been 
  quite 
  different. 
  The 
  latter, 
  he 
  thought, 
  as 
  he 
  had 
  

   often 
  stated, 
  had 
  come 
  from 
  the 
  north. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Whitaker 
  spoke 
  of 
  the 
  advantages 
  of 
  the 
  6-in. 
  ordnance- 
  

   maps. 
  He 
  agreed 
  with 
  Prof. 
  Bonney 
  that 
  only 
  those 
  who 
  resided 
  

   in 
  a 
  district 
  could 
  do 
  some 
  kinds 
  of 
  detailed 
  work. 
  The 
  materials 
  

   of 
  pebble-beds 
  are 
  usually 
  of 
  the 
  least 
  destructible 
  materials. 
  It 
  

   was 
  unreasonable 
  to 
  suppose 
  that 
  conglomerates 
  should 
  always 
  have 
  

   been 
  derived 
  from 
  exposures 
  now 
  visible. 
  Therefore 
  the 
  alleged 
  

   underground 
  extensions 
  may 
  easily 
  have 
  furnished 
  these 
  materials. 
  

   Were 
  the 
  Charnwood 
  rocks 
  of 
  fairly 
  indestructible 
  material 
  ? 
  It 
  

   was 
  difficult 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  to 
  say 
  to 
  what 
  series 
  isolated 
  patches 
  

   of 
  sandstones 
  belonged 
  : 
  he 
  was 
  happy 
  to 
  find 
  that 
  the 
  Survey 
  had 
  

   been 
  sometimes 
  right, 
  He 
  would 
  be 
  glad 
  if 
  good 
  lithological 
  differ- 
  

   ences 
  could 
  be 
  recognised. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  Blake 
  could 
  appreciate 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  work, 
  and 
  agreed 
  

   as 
  to 
  the 
  relations 
  between 
  these 
  beds 
  and 
  the 
  Carboniferous. 
  Was 
  

   the 
  Permian 
  age 
  so 
  very 
  distinct 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Trias 
  ? 
  Mr. 
  Wil- 
  

   son 
  regarded 
  the 
  Permian 
  and 
  Trias 
  as 
  really 
  one 
  physical 
  sequence. 
  

   Are 
  they, 
  then, 
  really 
  separated 
  by 
  such 
  a 
  wide 
  gap 
  ? 
  He 
  com- 
  

   mented 
  on 
  the 
  appearances 
  at 
  the 
  Swadlincote 
  section. 
  Why 
  might 
  

   not 
  these 
  Permian 
  beds 
  represent 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  a 
  new 
  epoch 
  ? 
  The 
  

   stones 
  in 
  the 
  deposits 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  side 
  were 
  quite 
  different. 
  

   When 
  the 
  Trias 
  escapes 
  from 
  the 
  Permian 
  it 
  becomes 
  irregular. 
  

   Were 
  the 
  Coal-basins 
  separated 
  by 
  the 
  Permian 
  movements 
  ? 
  If 
  

   so, 
  the 
  materials 
  dispersed 
  should 
  form 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Permian. 
  

   Is 
  there 
  evidence 
  that 
  these 
  beds 
  belong 
  to 
  a 
  distinct 
  epoch 
  from 
  

   the 
  Trias 
  and 
  are 
  not 
  merely 
  its 
  base 
  ? 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Toplet 
  observed 
  that 
  the 
  main 
  point 
  of 
  the 
  paper 
  was 
  the 
  

   relation 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  called 
  Permian 
  to 
  those 
  above 
  and 
  below. 
  The 
  

   Author 
  had 
  well 
  traced 
  out 
  the 
  underground 
  ridge, 
  but 
  what 
  is 
  the 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  its 
  being 
  a 
  faulted 
  anticlinal 
  ? 
  He 
  referred 
  to 
  the 
  use 
  

   of 
  the 
  hand-borer, 
  and 
  stated 
  that 
  it 
  had 
  been 
  much 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  

   Geological 
  Survey 
  during 
  the 
  last 
  two 
  years, 
  especially 
  in 
  the 
  Isle 
  

   of 
  Wight, 
  where 
  Mr. 
  C. 
  Eeid 
  had 
  made 
  over 
  300 
  trial 
  borings. 
  

   The 
  hand-borer 
  had 
  been 
  long 
  employed 
  by 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  

   of 
  Belgium, 
  and 
  that 
  used 
  by 
  the 
  English 
  Survey 
  was 
  supplied 
  by 
  

   M. 
  Dupont 
  on 
  the 
  Belgian 
  pattern. 
  

  

  The 
  Author, 
  in 
  reply, 
  stated 
  that 
  he 
  was 
  not 
  prepared 
  to 
  uphold 
  

   the 
  lacustrine 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  breccia 
  ; 
  but 
  if 
  subaerial 
  it 
  would 
  make 
  no 
  

   difference 
  to 
  his 
  argument. 
  With 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  Charnwood 
  

  

  