﻿ROCKS 
  OF 
  THE 
  LEICESTERSHIRE 
  COAL-FIELD. 
  15 
  

  

  small 
  barn, 
  170 
  yards 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  fish-pond 
  under 
  Little 
  Orange 
  Hill, 
  

   the 
  old 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  Trias 
  has 
  been 
  laid 
  bare 
  in 
  a 
  small 
  excavation 
  

   made 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  obtaining 
  clay. 
  It 
  consists 
  of 
  Millstone 
  

   Grit 
  *, 
  and 
  between 
  it 
  and 
  the 
  Bunter 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  traces 
  of 
  

   purple 
  and 
  white 
  variegated 
  clay, 
  with 
  a 
  little 
  soft 
  greenish 
  sandstone 
  

   resembling 
  that 
  of 
  Caulkley 
  Hill. 
  The 
  beds 
  are 
  not 
  more 
  than 
  18 
  

   inches 
  thick, 
  but 
  are 
  sufficiently 
  developed 
  to 
  be 
  recognizable 
  as 
  

   attenuated 
  representatives 
  of 
  the 
  Permian 
  marls 
  which 
  occur, 
  60 
  feet 
  

   thick, 
  about 
  a 
  mile 
  further 
  south. 
  

  

  Sweeping 
  round 
  the 
  northern 
  and 
  eastern 
  sides 
  of 
  Repton 
  Hocks 
  

   the 
  boundary 
  of 
  the 
  Trias 
  and 
  Carboniferous 
  bends 
  once 
  more 
  

   northwards 
  and 
  passing 
  near 
  Poremark 
  Park 
  reaches 
  as 
  far 
  to 
  

   the 
  east 
  as 
  Ticknall 
  church, 
  thus 
  encroaching 
  for 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  

   about 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  into 
  the 
  area 
  coloured 
  on 
  the 
  Survey 
  map 
  as 
  

   Millstone 
  Grit 
  and 
  Carboniferous 
  Limestone 
  Shale 
  f 
  . 
  Owing 
  to 
  a 
  

   covering 
  of 
  drift 
  along 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  line, 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  conduct 
  

   boring-operations 
  with 
  success 
  ; 
  but, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  

   ascertain, 
  the 
  Trias 
  rests 
  directly 
  on 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  rocks. 
  

  

  Ingleby 
  and 
  Knoivle 
  Hills. 
  — 
  Between 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Ingleby 
  and 
  

   Knowle 
  Hills 
  lies 
  a 
  small 
  tract 
  of 
  country, 
  the 
  structure 
  of 
  which 
  

   appears 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  very 
  erroneously 
  interpreted 
  by 
  the 
  geologists 
  

   of 
  the 
  Survey. 
  At 
  p. 
  58 
  of 
  the 
  Survey 
  Memoir 
  we 
  find 
  the 
  following 
  

   description 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  : 
  — 
  "A 
  small 
  district 
  composed 
  of 
  red-coloured 
  

   strata 
  extends 
  from 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Ingleby 
  to 
  the 
  Knowl 
  Hills, 
  

   near 
  Poremark 
  Park. 
  A 
  line 
  of 
  cliffs 
  formed 
  of 
  the 
  light-coloured 
  

   sandstone 
  and 
  conglomerate 
  of 
  the 
  New 
  Red 
  formation 
  rises 
  above 
  

   the 
  alluvial 
  plain 
  of 
  the 
  Trent, 
  and 
  at 
  Ingleby 
  red 
  marls, 
  streaked 
  

   with 
  bands 
  of 
  white, 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  cropping 
  out 
  from 
  underneath 
  

   these 
  sandstone 
  cliffs. 
  We 
  can 
  trace 
  these 
  marls 
  for 
  some 
  distance 
  

   eastward, 
  but 
  at 
  Knowl 
  Hills, 
  some 
  beds 
  of 
  sandstone, 
  differing 
  con- 
  

   siderably 
  in 
  mineral 
  characters 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Trias, 
  are 
  found 
  

   to 
  intervene 
  between 
  these 
  latter 
  and 
  the 
  red 
  marls. 
  It 
  would, 
  

   therefore, 
  appear 
  that 
  between 
  this 
  locality 
  and 
  Ingleby 
  the 
  New 
  

   Red 
  Sandstone 
  had 
  overlapped 
  unconformably 
  the 
  red 
  sandstones 
  

   which 
  form 
  the 
  Knowl 
  Hills 
  ; 
  from 
  which 
  circumstance, 
  taken 
  in 
  

   conjunction 
  with 
  their 
  lithological 
  character, 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  the 
  

   latter 
  are 
  of 
  Permian 
  date." 
  

  

  In 
  accordance 
  with 
  this 
  description, 
  we 
  find 
  that 
  the 
  patch 
  of 
  Coal- 
  

   measures 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  Ingleby 
  is 
  indicated 
  as 
  not 
  being 
  overlain 
  

   directly 
  by 
  the 
  Bunter, 
  but 
  that 
  between 
  these 
  two 
  series 
  of 
  rocks 
  

   there 
  is 
  a 
  narrow 
  strip 
  of 
  Permian 
  running 
  southward 
  from 
  Ingleby 
  

   to 
  a 
  little 
  beyond 
  Knowle 
  Hills, 
  and 
  that 
  at 
  Coppy 
  Hill 
  this 
  strip 
  

   suddenly 
  widens 
  out 
  to 
  a 
  breadth 
  of 
  nearly 
  half 
  a 
  mile. 
  

  

  The 
  rocks 
  of 
  Knowle 
  Hills 
  are 
  further 
  described 
  as 
  consisting 
  of 
  

  

  * 
  Both 
  here 
  and 
  at 
  Repton 
  Rocks 
  we 
  have 
  strong 
  indications 
  of 
  the 
  uneven 
  

   and 
  eroded 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  Carboniferous 
  floor 
  upon 
  which 
  the 
  Permian 
  and 
  

   Triassic 
  sediments 
  were 
  deposited. 
  

  

  t 
  On 
  a 
  careful 
  re-survey 
  of 
  the 
  Trias 
  in 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  

   found 
  that 
  considerable 
  tracts 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  mapped 
  as 
  Bunter 
  Conglomerate 
  

   should 
  have 
  been 
  included 
  with 
  the 
  Lower 
  Keuper. 
  

  

  