﻿PALAEOLITHIC 
  FLINT 
  IMPLEMENTS 
  IN 
  KENT. 
  275 
  

  

  but 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  an 
  uncommon 
  feature 
  of 
  beds 
  of 
  this 
  class*. 
  In 
  

   separating 
  them 
  therefore 
  from 
  the 
  higher 
  gravels, 
  which 
  extend 
  

   at 
  heights 
  of 
  about 
  from 
  400 
  to 
  500 
  feet 
  on 
  the 
  Lower 
  Greensand 
  

   range 
  of 
  hills, 
  through 
  which 
  the 
  Shode 
  valley 
  cuts, 
  I 
  have 
  had 
  to 
  rely 
  

   solely 
  upon 
  levels 
  and 
  physical 
  features 
  and 
  characters. 
  

  

  Another 
  source 
  of 
  difficulty 
  arises 
  from 
  the 
  circumstance 
  that 
  

   owing 
  to 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  sections 
  which 
  would 
  show 
  whether 
  or 
  not 
  

   we 
  are 
  dealing 
  with 
  substantial 
  beds 
  of 
  drift 
  in 
  situ, 
  or 
  whether 
  

   the 
  appearance 
  of 
  drift 
  is 
  merely 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  trail 
  from 
  higher-level 
  

   drift-beds, 
  it 
  is 
  uncertain 
  whether 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  intermediate 
  sup- 
  

   posed 
  drift-gravels, 
  such 
  as 
  those 
  near 
  Crouch 
  and 
  below 
  Bewley, 
  

   together 
  with 
  others, 
  may 
  not 
  belong 
  to 
  superficial 
  trail. 
  

  

  The 
  problem 
  is 
  further 
  complicated 
  by 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  Shode 
  

   " 
  river-drifts 
  " 
  are 
  largely 
  composed 
  of 
  materials 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  

   older 
  drifts, 
  so 
  that 
  on 
  lithological 
  grounds 
  alone 
  they 
  cannot 
  well 
  

   be 
  distinguished. 
  

  

  The 
  Higher 
  Unclassed 
  Gravels. 
  — 
  These 
  I 
  would 
  divide 
  into 
  two 
  or 
  

   more 
  groups. 
  A 
  lower 
  one 
  consisting 
  of 
  angular 
  white 
  flints, 
  with 
  

   very 
  few 
  Tertiary 
  flint-pebbles, 
  and 
  little 
  Lower-Greensand 
  debris, 
  

   imbedded 
  in 
  a 
  local 
  matrix, 
  without 
  stratification. 
  Of 
  this 
  drift 
  

   a 
  small 
  remnant 
  caps 
  the 
  watershed 
  at 
  Park-Farm 
  brick-pit, 
  about 
  

   340 
  feet 
  above 
  O.l)., 
  resting 
  on 
  an 
  uneven 
  surface 
  of 
  Gault, 
  and 
  

   having 
  an 
  argillaceous 
  matrix. 
  No 
  organic 
  remains 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  

   in 
  this 
  gravel, 
  which 
  is 
  of 
  date 
  anterior 
  to 
  the 
  Shode 
  valley. 
  

  

  Another 
  group, 
  consisting 
  chiefly 
  of 
  Hint-debris 
  and 
  occupying 
  

   levels 
  higher 
  than 
  this 
  or 
  than 
  that 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  river-drifts 
  reach, 
  

   occurs 
  in 
  irregular 
  mounds 
  on 
  the 
  hills 
  extending 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  on 
  

   the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Holmesdale 
  valley 
  f 
  , 
  and 
  crossing 
  the 
  Shode 
  

   valley 
  at 
  Ightham. 
  One 
  such 
  patch 
  caps 
  the 
  Folkestone 
  Beds 
  at 
  

   Cop 
  Hall, 
  420 
  feet 
  above 
  O.D., 
  half 
  a 
  mile 
  south 
  of 
  Ightham, 
  and 
  

   consists 
  of 
  angular 
  white 
  flints, 
  with 
  a 
  little 
  Lower-Greensand 
  debris 
  

   and 
  a 
  few 
  Tertiary 
  pebbles. 
  With 
  these 
  I 
  would 
  correlate 
  the 
  

   mounds 
  of 
  gravel 
  which, 
  two 
  to 
  three 
  miles 
  east 
  of 
  Ightham, 
  cap 
  

   the 
  same 
  range 
  of 
  hills 
  at 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  388 
  feet 
  at 
  Gallows 
  Point 
  and 
  

   Highlands, 
  and 
  form 
  well-defined 
  ridges 
  commanding 
  the 
  surround- 
  

   ing 
  country 
  (fig. 
  2, 
  p. 
  272). 
  The 
  drift 
  is 
  there 
  composed 
  chiefly 
  of 
  

   angular 
  flints 
  (some 
  of 
  large 
  size), 
  weathering 
  very 
  white, 
  with 
  

   worn 
  subangular 
  brown 
  flints, 
  some 
  fragments 
  of 
  chert 
  and 
  grit, 
  

   and 
  a 
  few 
  Tertiary 
  flint-pebbles 
  ; 
  whereas, 
  just 
  to 
  the 
  south-east 
  of 
  

   Highlands 
  and 
  at 
  a 
  rather 
  lower 
  level, 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  large 
  spread 
  of 
  

   ochreous 
  flints, 
  with 
  little 
  chert 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  blocks 
  of 
  Oldbury 
  Stone. 
  

   There 
  is 
  another 
  abnormal 
  bed 
  of 
  drift 
  of 
  uncertain 
  age, 
  composed 
  

   almost 
  entirely 
  of 
  chert 
  fragments, 
  with 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  angular 
  white 
  

   and 
  subangular 
  brown 
  flints, 
  and 
  Tertiary 
  flint-pebbles 
  imbedded 
  in 
  

   a 
  red 
  clay, 
  covering 
  the 
  rising 
  ground 
  between 
  Comp 
  and 
  Offham 
  

  

  * 
  No 
  Mammalian 
  remains 
  had 
  been 
  discovered 
  in 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  beds 
  of 
  old 
  

   river-drift 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Darent 
  previously 
  to 
  last 
  summer, 
  when 
  some 
  

   chance 
  excavations 
  brought 
  a 
  few 
  remains 
  of 
  the 
  Mammoth 
  to 
  light. 
  

  

  f 
  The 
  long 
  valley 
  which 
  runs 
  east 
  and 
  west 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  Chalk-escarp- 
  

   ment. 
  

  

  