﻿504 
  MR. 
  C. 
  CANDLER 
  ON 
  SOME 
  LACUSTRINE 
  DEPOSITS 
  

  

  31. 
  Observations 
  on 
  some 
  Undescribed 
  Lacustrine 
  Deposits 
  at 
  Saint 
  

   Cross, 
  South 
  Elmham, 
  in 
  Suffolk. 
  By 
  Charles 
  Candler, 
  Esq. 
  

   (Read 
  June 
  5, 
  1889.) 
  

  

  (Communicated 
  by 
  Clement 
  Reid, 
  Esq., 
  F.G.S.) 
  

  

  The 
  well-known 
  freshwater 
  beds 
  of 
  Hoxne 
  in 
  Suffolk 
  have 
  attracted 
  

   so 
  much 
  attention 
  that 
  a 
  short 
  account 
  of 
  some 
  closely 
  related 
  de- 
  

   posits 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  recently 
  met 
  with 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  district 
  will 
  not, 
  

   I 
  hope, 
  be 
  without 
  interest 
  to 
  students 
  of 
  our 
  Pleistocene 
  formations*. 
  

  

  The 
  beds 
  in 
  question 
  are 
  situated 
  in 
  the 
  parish 
  of 
  Saint 
  Cross 
  f, 
  

   South 
  Elmham, 
  in 
  the 
  basin 
  of 
  the 
  Eiver 
  Waveney, 
  3f 
  miles 
  E. 
  by 
  N. 
  

   of 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Harleston, 
  and 
  9 
  miles 
  E.N.E. 
  of 
  Hoxne 
  %. 
  The 
  

   road 
  fiom 
  Homersfield 
  Bridge 
  to 
  Halesworth, 
  after 
  first 
  skirting 
  

   and 
  then 
  crossing 
  the 
  terrace 
  of 
  gravel 
  which 
  here 
  flanks 
  the 
  river 
  

   on 
  the 
  Suffolk 
  side, 
  leaves 
  the 
  valley 
  and 
  enters 
  the 
  parish 
  of 
  Saint 
  

   Cross, 
  on 
  the 
  verge 
  of 
  the 
  plateau 
  of 
  Chalky 
  Bo 
  alder-clay 
  which 
  

   covers 
  with 
  a 
  thick 
  cap 
  the 
  district 
  locally 
  known 
  as 
  " 
  High 
  Suffolk." 
  

  

  The 
  parish 
  is 
  intersected 
  by 
  the 
  " 
  South 
  Elmham 
  Beck," 
  which 
  has 
  

   scoured 
  a 
  channel 
  through 
  the 
  Boulder-clay 
  deep 
  into 
  the 
  under- 
  

   lying 
  sands 
  of 
  the 
  Middle 
  Drift. 
  Just 
  beyond 
  the 
  village 
  street 
  

   the 
  Halesworth 
  Road 
  crosses 
  a 
  broad 
  and 
  shallow 
  trough, 
  which 
  a 
  

   few 
  yards 
  lower 
  down 
  converges 
  with 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Beck. 
  On 
  

   the 
  eastern 
  slope 
  of 
  this 
  lateral 
  depression 
  is 
  a 
  brickyard, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  

   here 
  that 
  the 
  beds 
  to 
  be 
  described 
  are 
  exposed. 
  On 
  the 
  same 
  spot 
  

   the 
  Boulder-clay 
  was 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  excavated, 
  and 
  this 
  may 
  per- 
  

   haps 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  more 
  recent 
  formations 
  have 
  

   hitherto 
  escaped 
  notice. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  slope, 
  on 
  the 
  eastern 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  brickyard, 
  there 
  

   is 
  now 
  an 
  open 
  section 
  running 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  the 
  road, 
  and 
  

   about 
  250 
  feet 
  in 
  length. 
  The 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  section 
  shows 
  beneath 
  a 
  

   capping 
  of 
  surface 
  soil 
  and 
  gravel 
  a 
  deposit 
  of 
  brickearth 
  or 
  loam. 
  

   This 
  bed 
  thins 
  out 
  towards 
  the 
  north 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  line, 
  where 
  it 
  may 
  

   he 
  seen 
  resting 
  upon 
  the 
  Boulder-clay, 
  which 
  here 
  comes 
  to 
  the 
  

   surface. 
  The 
  brickearth 
  varies 
  in 
  consistence 
  from 
  a 
  fine 
  and 
  stiff 
  

   to 
  a 
  coarse 
  and 
  sandy 
  or 
  calcareous 
  loam, 
  and 
  in 
  colour 
  from 
  red 
  to 
  

   white. 
  Angular 
  yellow 
  flints 
  are 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  deposit. 
  Its 
  

   stratification 
  is 
  confused 
  and 
  sometimes 
  scarcel} 
  r 
  discernible. 
  There 
  

   are 
  in 
  places 
  indications 
  of 
  a 
  double 
  series, 
  a 
  red 
  clay 
  overlying 
  a 
  

  

  * 
  I 
  must 
  express 
  my 
  great 
  obligations 
  to 
  Mr. 
  Clement 
  Reicl, 
  F.C.S., 
  at 
  whose 
  

   suggestion 
  I 
  have 
  prepared 
  these 
  notes, 
  for 
  the 
  heljD 
  he 
  has 
  kindly 
  given 
  me 
  in 
  

   the 
  work 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  particular 
  for 
  the 
  list 
  of 
  plants 
  accompanying 
  this 
  paper, 
  the 
  

   result 
  of 
  a 
  careful 
  examination 
  by 
  him 
  of 
  a 
  quantity 
  of 
  material. 
  

  

  t 
  Some 
  confusion 
  exists 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  this 
  parish, 
  which 
  upon 
  the 
  

   Ordnance 
  Map, 
  and 
  in 
  all 
  old 
  records, 
  is 
  described 
  as 
  "Sancroft" 
  or 
  "Sand- 
  

   croft," 
  of 
  which 
  " 
  Saint 
  Cross 
  " 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  modern 
  corruption. 
  The 
  village 
  

   is 
  now, 
  however, 
  always 
  known 
  by 
  the 
  latter 
  name. 
  

  

  J 
  Quarter-Sheet 
  50 
  N.E. 
  of 
  the 
  Ordnance 
  Survey. 
  

  

  