﻿ANNIVERSARY 
  ADDRESS 
  OF 
  THE 
  PRESIDENT. 
  7 
  I 
  

  

  synchronism, 
  but 
  rather 
  suggests 
  that 
  the 
  strata 
  were 
  not 
  of 
  con- 
  

   temporaneous 
  origin, 
  as 
  time 
  would 
  be 
  needed 
  for 
  migration, 
  is 
  one 
  

   on 
  which 
  perhaps 
  too 
  much 
  stress 
  is 
  laid 
  by 
  English 
  geologists. 
  

   In 
  the 
  course 
  probably 
  of 
  a 
  geological 
  age, 
  certainly 
  of 
  a 
  geological 
  

   period, 
  there 
  must 
  be 
  ample 
  time 
  for 
  the 
  migration 
  of 
  marine 
  

   forms, 
  whether 
  pelagic 
  or 
  littoral, 
  throughout 
  all 
  seas 
  that 
  are 
  in 
  

   connexion. 
  If 
  the 
  marine 
  fauna 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  day 
  be 
  examined, 
  

   it 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  that 
  many 
  marine 
  genera, 
  both 
  of 
  vertebraia 
  and 
  

   invertebrata, 
  are 
  of 
  world-wide 
  range, 
  and 
  that 
  still 
  more 
  are 
  dis- 
  

   tributed 
  in 
  wide 
  belts 
  stretching 
  round 
  the 
  world. 
  This 
  will 
  be 
  

   found 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  littoral 
  quite 
  as 
  much 
  as 
  with 
  pelagic 
  

   forms, 
  though 
  there 
  may 
  be 
  more 
  specific 
  variety 
  in 
  the 
  former. 
  

   Still 
  a 
  host 
  of 
  littoral 
  genera, 
  such 
  as, 
  amongst 
  the 
  Mollusca, 
  Litto- 
  

   rina, 
  Patella, 
  Purpura, 
  Nassa, 
  Natica, 
  Chiton, 
  Mytilus, 
  Cardium, 
  

   Solen, 
  Mactra, 
  and 
  Pholas, 
  are 
  found 
  on 
  almost 
  every 
  coast 
  in 
  the 
  

   world. 
  

  

  Now 
  the 
  identification 
  of 
  the 
  age, 
  or 
  still 
  more 
  of 
  the 
  period, 
  to 
  

   which 
  a 
  fossil 
  fauna 
  should 
  be 
  referred 
  does 
  not 
  necessarily 
  depend 
  

   upon 
  all 
  or 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  being 
  identical 
  with 
  those 
  in 
  a 
  known 
  

   deposit. 
  Complete 
  identity, 
  when 
  the 
  deposits 
  are 
  far 
  apart, 
  seldom 
  

   or 
  never 
  occurs 
  except 
  amongst 
  pelagic 
  types, 
  the 
  occurrence 
  of 
  a 
  

   few 
  identical 
  or 
  allied 
  species, 
  and 
  a 
  similar 
  association 
  of 
  parti- 
  

   cular 
  genera 
  and 
  subgenera, 
  being 
  the 
  evidence 
  usually 
  adduced 
  

   in 
  favour 
  of 
  contemporaneous 
  origin. 
  Thus 
  the 
  faunas 
  of 
  marine 
  

   deposits 
  in 
  America 
  or 
  Asia 
  compared 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  geolo- 
  

   gical 
  age 
  in 
  Europe 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  exhibit 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  

   resemblance 
  to 
  each 
  other 
  as 
  do 
  the 
  faunas 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  seas 
  

   taken 
  from 
  two 
  equally 
  distant 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Earth's 
  surface. 
  There 
  

   is 
  one 
  possible 
  exception 
  to 
  he 
  borne 
  in 
  mind. 
  It 
  is 
  probable, 
  

   though 
  not 
  absolutely 
  proved, 
  that 
  the 
  present 
  temperature 
  of 
  the 
  

   Arctic 
  regions 
  is 
  much 
  lower 
  than 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  on 
  an 
  average 
  in 
  past 
  

   times 
  — 
  it 
  is 
  certainly 
  lower 
  than 
  it 
  was 
  in 
  some 
  epochs 
  — 
  and 
  that 
  

   consequently 
  not 
  only 
  the 
  Arctic 
  fauna, 
  but 
  also 
  that 
  continuation 
  

   of 
  the 
  Arctic 
  fauna 
  which 
  extends 
  from 
  pole 
  to 
  pole 
  at 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  

   the 
  deep 
  sea 
  differs 
  more 
  from 
  the 
  tropical 
  and 
  subtropical 
  faunas 
  

   than 
  has 
  been 
  the 
  case 
  throughout 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  of 
  geological 
  

   time. 
  

  

  Still, 
  despite 
  this 
  disadvantage, 
  if 
  the 
  living 
  marine 
  fauna 
  of 
  any 
  

   part 
  of 
  the 
  ocean, 
  including 
  Vertebrata, 
  Mollusca, 
  Crustacea, 
  Echi- 
  

   nodermata, 
  Foraminifera, 
  <Src, 
  is 
  compared 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  

   Tertiaries 
  (Oligocene 
  or 
  Eocene), 
  a 
  great 
  generic 
  difference 
  will 
  be 
  

  

  vol. 
  xlv. 
  h 
  

  

  