IN THE LOWER NEW RED SANDSTONE OF PENRITH. 481 
tion of the marks there appears to be a certain amount of unifor- 
mity about them, each alternate mark being reversed ; the pace also 
is longer. 
Cast No. 9 is, no doubt, the cast of the natural imprints of an 
animal entirely different from the others. The impressions are in 
groups of four, three turning in a straight line outwards, while the 
fourth turns inwards; and they appear to be those of a four-footed 
animal, each impression being that of the single foot ; a hare when 
in motion makes a very similar track. 
It may be thought that the markings seen on cast No. 10 are 
similar to those just described ; but on a careful examination of them 
there appears to be a considerable difference between the two. In 
the first place the tracks occur in two lines of a uniform distance 
from each other, each line of tracks consisting of groups of four 
impressions each, the several groups occurring alternately. In 
each group in the right line the three first impressions form a line 
inclined outwards to the right, while the fourth impression inclines 
inwards to the left. The groups in the left line are just the reverse. 
It is very probable that these impressions were caused by a biped, 
the group of impressions in the right line being those of the right 
foot, and those in the left line of the left foot; this would appear 
from the groups in both lines occurring alternately and at a uniform 
distance from each other, and the fourth impression in each 
alternate group turning inwards. 
All the foregoing footprints were found in the same quarry ; and 
from the difference in the size and depth of some of them, as 
compared with the length of pace and form of others, it has been 
suggested that they represent the impressions of several different 
species, if not of different genera of extinct vertebrates. 
There are several quarries in the immediate neighbourhood of 
this one ; but I have never been able to find any footprints in them. 
In a quarry of Penrith Sandstone in Whinfell Wood, situate on 
the top of a hill about three miles to the south-east of Penrith, I 
found a specimen of the cast of some footprints, but it was not 
nearly so distinct as those described above. On the same day I 
found, in another quarry about 100 yards from the last, a piece of 
stone showing five distinct and peculiar markings, which, although 
exactly alike, and taking the same direction, are not in any regular 
order. ‘These markings or impressions are seen on cast No. 11. 
Discussion. 
Dr. Muniz remarked that the question of footprints is a very 
difficult one. He had been in the habit in his youth of tracking 
animals, but had found that it was often difficult to recognize a 
dog’s foot. 
Prof. Prestwich said that in the Oxford Museum there were 
impressions very similar to those of Nos. 5 and 6 from the Trias of 
Storton Hill, near Liverpool. | 
Prof. Jupp referred to the great interest of these fossils as coming 
from undoubtedly Lower Permian strata in which remains of verte- 
brate forms higher than fishes had so rarely occurred. 
