600 LIEUT.-COL. H. He GODWIN-AUSTEN ON THE 
usual brown clay occurs, and is underlain by the brown loam of the 
basement-bed, which is several feet thick, but apparently without 
fossils or pebbles. 
Gravel comes on above about 40 yards further, and, after another 
20 yards, the Woolwich shell-bed rises from beneath the basement- 
bed of the London Clay, but is only a few inches thick, and seems 
to consist chiefly of broken Cyrene*, with Ostrea and, rarely, 
Melania. 
The London Clay seems to end off some 25 yards further, when 
the gravel and sand gets thick, and mottled clays come up from 
under the skell-bed, first dark, then bright red, then pale green, . 
and lastly reddish. 
Unfortunately the junction of the Reading bed with the Chalk is 
nowhere to be seen, the gravel hiding it, and, about 175 yards 
peueus where the London Clay ends, sinking sharply below the 
ine. 
About 50 yards further a mass of brown clay, over 4 feet thick, 
and with those small calcareous concretions known as “ race,” occurs 
in the gravel, and seems to extend for some distance. Up to this 
point the notes were taken on the northern and higher side of the 
cutting only. 
Beyond this there is a chalky layer near the base of the gravel, 
and then that base consists of worked-up chalk and flints. 
Just before getting to the bridge that carries the London road 
over the line, rubbly chalk appears beneath the gravel; but at the 
bridge the gravel sinks below the line, the Chalk rising up again on 
the other side. 
2. The Pleistocene Sditds and Drift-Gravels. 
Perhaps the most interesting deposits exposed in this cutting are 
those of a much later age than the EKocenes which Mr. Whitaker has 
described above; for we have here a remnant of beds, no doubt for- 
merly of far greater extent, laid down, at this ancient level, in front of 
the gorge of the Wey, and which were spread out over the area on the 
north, before it became again denuded to its present level, and at a 
time when probably the Lower Bagshot sands extending further 
south bounded the left bank opposite Stoke. 
The lowest bed of these older stratified gravels is first seen on 
entering the cutting at its west end, near the King’s-Road bridge 
(vide Main Section, fig. 8, 15 miles 30 chainst), and rests upon the 
denuded surface of the London Clay, and, in succession, the shell-bed, 
and the different-coloured clays of the Woolwich and Reading series. 
From the commencement it is to be noticed that water-worn ironstone 
from the Lower Greensand formation (Folkestone beds) composes 
* These were originally unbroken, as a number of specimens can be found with 
both valves entire: they are broken by the slipping and sliding of the clays. 
The Melanie are scattered among them, but not abundant.—G.-A. 
+ Every chain-mark is printed on the post and rails on the north side of the 
line, and indicates distance from the Surbiton end of the line. 
