NEW RAILWAY-CUTTING AT GUILDFORD. 
beds of flints (exclusively, only a 
Tertiary pebble here and there) of 
large size, whole or broken, with 
an admixture of broken chalk, and 
also some red-clay beds; this also 
occurs in nests or large lumps. As 
the bridge is neared it rests on and 
against a steep scarp of chalk, 
being almost entirely angular 
chalk rubble or breccia. These are 
undoubtedly Glacial drifts*, and 
the unconformity of the junction 
with the older sands and gravels is 
well seen at chain-mark 15 miles 
18 chains (vide Main Section, fig. 8, 
and fig.2). Slight crumpling in the 
coarsely stratified material does not 
extend to the beds below; and all 
along the north side of the line for 
about 200 yards W.N.W. toS.S8.E. 
these beds dip low southward, 
thus indicating the continuation of 
the underlying sands in this direc- 
tion. After passing the bridge the 
horizontal pure sands are again 
met with low down on the line, and 
abut against a steep scarp of the 
solid chalk having aslope of about 
20°_22° (fig. 4), and being the true 
continuation westward of the old 
Tertiary clay surface on which 
these same sands repose, already 
seen uncovered on the west; but 
this old chalk-scarp is perfectly 
clean, with no flint-gravel or even 
chalk-rubble intervening between 
it and the pure sands, thus present- 
ing an extreme contrast to its sur- 
face where reached subsequently 
by the denuding drift. Passing off 
the Chalk at a point 130 yards 
from the London road, the base of 
the sands is not seen, but up to 
the three-arch bridge at Cross 
Lanes, on the north side of the 
cutting, all is sand ; the chalk scarp 
* They lie at a lower level, and are, I 
consider, much older than the flint and 
loam beds that cap the sands west of the 
new railway-station. 
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