670 W. H. PENNING ON THE HIGH-LEVEL 
worked in the mines at Cyfergat. At the bottom of this gorge, on 
its north side, a 4-foot seam of hard coal has been worked which 
dips sharply to the north; the workings were abandoned owing to 
the difficulty of dealing with the water. 
Noting the great difference in level between this and the other 
sections in close proximity, and the fact of the beds here being 
greatly tilted, whilst at the higher point (as generally throughout 
the area) they are horizontal, I am inclined to regard the presence 
of coal-beds here as due to a fault or series of faults, with a main 
downthrow to the east. 
At Indwe, about 20 miles east of Dordrecht, a seam 11 feet thick 
has been mined by several hundred yards of drive between a floor 
and a roof of massive sandstone. The seam consists of about 7 feet 
of good coal, with shale partings, the upper 2 feet being of excel- 
lent quality. 
It was stated above that coal has been found outside the boun- 
daries of the High Veldt coal-fields. One of the places is to the 
north of ,Boshof and about 30 miles east of Kimberley. If the 
report be correct in this case, it will probably be found that the 
coal occurs either as an outlier of the sandstone or as a very small 
local seam in the lower (Kimberley) shales. 
Bright cannel-like coal has been taken, I was also informed, 
from the neighbourhood of Bethulie, and used at the Jager’s-Fontein 
Diamond-mine. 
Sandstones similar in appearance to those of the known coal- 
bearing series occur between Philippolis and Colesberg, which may 
indicate a former extension of that series down the Orange river ; 
but it is doubtful if the coal itself extended far in that direction. 
A similar remark applies to the sandstones between the Modder 
river and Kimberley. 
A seam of bright coal, only 1 inch in thickness, occurs in the 
Doorn Hoek, west of Bamboes Berg, in the Zuurbergen. 
It is well known that coal occurs at a much lower level in Natal 
on the east side of the Drakensberg, but I have had no opportu- 
nity of examining into its relation to the subject of this paper. It 
may belong to a more recent formation, or it may have been thrown 
down by a large fault or series of faults, the presence of which I 
suspect along the steep eastern side of that range. 
Mr. A. C. Cruttwell, F.G.8., assures me that beds of the same 
character as those of the High Veldt occupy all the lower ground 
as far down as Pietermaritzburg, and down to about 1000 feet 
above the sea, with a Tertiary flow of lava over all, and that these 
rocks all dip to the south-west. 
Coal occurs to the west of the ‘“ poort” by which the Umbelosi 
river passes through the Lebombo mountains. It is known also 
