1 



416 W. UPHAM ESKER NEAR WINNIPEG, MANITOBA 



of very boulderv gravel containing subangular rock fragments up to 2 

 or 3 feet. 



In the next 200 feet the envelope of typical till, beginning with simi- 

 lar abruptness as it ended, is continuous, varying in thickness from 10 

 to 3 feet. Three times in the distance of 200 feet it suddenly thickens 

 downward to about 10, 7, and 8 feet respectively from west to east, and 

 thins more gradually east from each bulge. Its top throughout is nearly 

 level, forming the surface eastward, and overlain by a surface gravel 

 westward, which gradually thickens to 3 feet. Under the till the lower 

 part of the section is rather fine gravel, seen to the thickness of 20 feet, 

 having worn pebbles up to 3 or 4 inches and no larger unworn stones. 

 In some parts the gravel is sparingly interbedded with sand layers 6 to 

 18 inches thick. The stratification is continuous, though partially dim, 

 with gentle dips of 5 to 15 degrees eastward, and displays no faulting 

 nor disturbed bedding. 



Thence a continuous layer of the same typical till, having no trace of 

 stratification, extends about 500 or 600 feet east. It is 4 to 8 feet thick, 

 and contains frequent rock fragments and boulders, nearly all of unworn 

 angular forms, up to 3 feet in diameter. Except for a distance of sev- 

 eral rods at the west, where it is the surface, the till is overlain by a 

 surface deposit of ver}^ coarse gravel, 1 to 3 feet thick, containing rounded 

 cobbles up to 12 and 18 inches. The till is underlain continuously by 

 such quite fine gravel as was seen in the adjoining distance of 200 feet 

 west, 20 to 25 feet thick in the excavation and continuing below, having 

 pebbles from 1 to 4 inches in diameter in its various beds, but no clear 

 sand. The stratification, often dim, nowhere faulted, is partly level, but 

 mostly dips 5 to 10 degrees eastward. 



At the east end of the part thus described, the till ends by being 

 merged or gradually changed, within a distance of 20 to 40 feet, into 

 coarse, well bedded gravel, which contains cobbles up to a foot or 15 

 inches in diameter. This deposit forms the upper 8 to 12 feet of the 

 section for the next 300 feet east, and is underlain by fine gravel into 

 which the excavation goes down 25 to 30 feet. Numerous layers in the 

 lower part, 6 to 18 inches thick, are almost wholly sand. The stratifi- 

 cation of the fine gravel and sand is nearly horizontal, or dips in some 

 T>ortions 5 to 8 degrees to the east ; but occasionally the deposit for 

 tliicknesses of 2 to 6 feet has no definite stratification lines. 



Farther east and southeast, for abont a third of a mile, in the curving 

 course of the excavation, including at its end the extensive pit lately 

 abundantly worked by the engineering department- of the city of Winni- 

 peg, all the section on the southern and southwestern side, 40 to 50 feet 



