436 j. w. spencer ^relation of niagara to glacial period 



Section of Drift in the Whirlpool-Saint Davids Canyon 



'^^^«.^^^^^ Heifiht of base 

 ro depth ^i^f^^g ^.^^^ 



"^ Ontario. 



Feet. Feet. 



Surface of ground 340 



I. Till.— Keddish clay with few pebbles and glaciated 



stones^ 40 300 



II. Interglacial. — Rounded gravel, 2 feet, over light 

 brownish, fine, sandy loam, which is also calcare- 

 ous, 38 feet. . 80 260 



III. Till. — Small angular to rounded gravel, mostly quartz- 



itic, in red clay matrix, 4 feet; loam with gravel 

 as above, 10 feet ; angular gravel with little clay 

 binding, 26 feet 120 220 



IV. Interglacial and glacial (?).— Bluish clayey sand with 



angular fragments. (Boring here was rapid, with 



admixture of recovered materials) 186 154 



V. Interglacial land surface.— Six inches of fine white 

 sandy soil deoxidized, with twigs and a well pre- 

 served trunk of northern white spruce. It rests 

 on a grayish clayey sand, which when the calca- 

 reous and ferruginous matter are removed is similar 

 to the deoxidized soil above. This also contains 



twigs of wood 220 120 



VI. Till. — Angular and subangular gravel, mostly quartz- 

 itic, size of peas, with some earthy binding mate- 

 rials in variable layers. At 6 feet below the top 

 was brown rusty sand (indicating an interglacial 

 surface), strongly magnetic. At 15 feet the frag- 

 ments were large. Subangular at base 243 97 



VII. Interglacial (?). — Loamy sand with quartzi tic pebbles, 



which at base are rounded 259 81 



VIII. Interglacial.— Very fine siliceous flour, some what 'cal- 

 careous, but very rich in magnetic sand. Deposit 

 held water, flowed upward in casing for 8 feet, like 



cement, and stopped the boring 68.5 71.5 



IX. Interglacial (?) or glacial (?) to more than 293 47 



(This is the level of the whirlpool, but the drift 

 may continue for 50 or 100 feet less or more. ) 



At well number 2, near by, the upper red clay passes into blue clay; 

 and below is the loamy sand, which is well developed at well number 4 on 

 my map. The upper layer holds water, but in the deep well no water was 

 retained between the upper clay number I and series number VIII. At a 

 locality 3 miles above the mouth of Niagara Eiver, and extending below 

 the level of Lake Ontario, occurs a blue clay in an ancient depression 



» See Evolution of the Falls of Niagara, p. 133. 



