REVIEW OF STRATIGRAPHY OF EASTERN PARATETHYS 
geological evolution of the region. Only locally or periodically 
(as in the Maykopian, Maeotian and Kuyalnikian/Akchagylian 
(see section below on sequence stratigraphy)) are they 
sufficiently well developed to enable ties to global 
biostratigraphic zonation schemes (Blow (1969) for planktonic 
foraminifera; Martini (1971) for calcareous nannoplankton). 
Biostratigraphic zonation in Eastern Paratethys relies largely 
on facies-dependent benthonic foraminifera and, especially in 
the marginal- to non- marine environments of the Mio-Pliocene, 
benthonic ostracods and terrestrially-derived pollen and spores 
(see section below on sequence stratigraphy). Important 
ostracod references include those of Livental (1929), Sveier 
(1949), Agalarova (1956, 1967), Suzin (1956), Agalarova et al. 
(1961), Mandelstam ef al. (1962), Faridi (1964), Imnadze (1964, 
27 
1974), Sheydayeva-Kuliyeva (1966), Rozyeva (1971), Gramann 
(1971), Karmishina (1975), Vekua (1975), Krstic (1976), 
Olteanu (1978), Imnadze & Karmishina (1980), de Deckker 
(1981), Jiricek (1984), Mamedova (1984, 1985, 1988), 
Dzhanelidze et al. (1985), Aliyulla et al. (1985) and Yassini 
(1986). Important pollen and spore and associated 
palynomorph references include those of Ramishvili (1969), 
Dzhabarova (1973, 1978, 1980), Grichuk (1973, 1984), Wall & 
Dale (1973), Ananova (1974), Shikmus-et al. (1977), Koreneva & 
Kartashova (1978), Traverse (1978), Shchekina (1979), 
Abramova (1982, 1985), Yakhimovich et al. (1983), Grichuk et 
al. (1984), Khotinskiy (1984), Mamedov & Rabotina (1984a—b), 
Shatilova (1984), Ananova et al. (1985), Ivanova (1985), Sirenko 
& Turlo (1986), Bludorova et al. (1987), Naidina (1988, 1990a—b, 
Fig.2 Vegetation belts in the former Soviet Union. After Knystautas (1987). A.D. = Amu Darya; S.D. = Syr Darya. 
