ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES FROM THE TOURMAKEADY LIMESTONE 
Whittington (1963: 52, pl. 8, fig. 14) and is confirmed by the 
Tourmakeady material (Pl. 17, fig. lc, le). The same condition in 
Raymondina immarginata has been illustrated by Ludvigsen and 
Westrop (in Ludvigsen et al., 1989, pl. 50, figs 13, 14). Finally, the 
genera are almost identical in overall cephalic/cranidial dimensions 
and distribution of features (e.g., forward eye position, median 
occipital node on anterior edge of LO). There is every reason to 
consider these shared character-states synapomorphic, and the gen- 
era closely related. 
As a consequence, separation at the familial level is artificial. 
Retention of Glaphuridae would result in taxonomic pseudoextinction 
of Raymondinidae across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. 
Hence, Glaphuridae is placed in subjective junior synonymy of 
Raymondinidae, which is recognized as a clade with a stratigraphic 
range from uppermost Cambrian to Upper Ordovician. 
Genus GLAPHURUS Raymond, 1905 
TYPE SPECIES. Arionellus pustulatus Walcott, 1877, Lower 
Ordovician, New York State; by original designation (see Shaw 1968 
for complete documentation of the species). 
OTHER SPECIES. Glaphurus alimbeticus Balashova, 1961, 
Tremadoc, Kazakhstan; G. coronatus Maksimova in Nikiforova, 
1955, Tremadoc (Uskut Stage), Siberia; G. divisus Whittington, 
1963, Whiterockian, western Newfoundland; G. /atior Ulrich, 1930, 
Alabama and Virginia; Glaphurus sp. of Ross (1972: 31). 
Glaphurus crinitus sp. nov. Pl. 17, figs 1-17 
1975 Glaphurus sp., Fortey & Owens : 230, fig. 1C. 
ETYMOLOGY. Latin for hairy. 
DIAGNOSIS. Glaphurus with densely tuberculate exoskeletal sur- 
face and tubercles of two sizes; glabella subrectangular; S2 not 
pit-like. 
HOLOTYPE. Cephalon, It 26177 (Pl. 17, fig. 1); paratypes It 12855, 
26119, 26178-26192. 
DESCRIPTION. Cranidium trapezoidal in outline, with maximum 
width at posterior border, being 1.5—1.6 times the sagittal length 
(excluding anterior spines) in dorsal view in mature cranidia, and 
somewhat less in immature ones; entire silicified cephalon shows 
broad anterior arch (Pl. 17, fig. 1c) and that the free cheeks in life 
position were steeply declined, with the genal spines directed out- 
wards; glabella occupies three-quarters cranidial length, and less 
than half its width, its outline rounded-subrectangular, widest at 
midlength circumscribed by deep furrows; SO is of similar depth; LO 
with median tubercle positioned immediately behind the furrow; 
109 
glabellar furrows emphasized as smooth patches of the exoskeleton; 
S1 shows a deepened, exsagittally aligned inner portion, whereas the 
shallow outer part runs approximately transversely towards the axial 
furrow; the deepened part amounts to 20% of glabellar length; S2 is 
short, slightly backward-directed; the short eyes are positioned 
anterior to S2, and the transverse distance between them is twice that 
of the intervening glabella; preglabellar field with length (sag., as 
seen in dorsal view) similar to that of LO, downsloping and bulging- 
convex; deep cranidial border furrow; the anterior border carries 
long, stout, anteriorly splayed spines; no border is perfectly pre- 
served, but the bases of four such spines are seen separated by 
shorter spines; the anterior cranidial margin lies beneath these 
spines. 
Librigenae without connective sutures along narrow doublure, 
which apparently lacks terrace lines; facial suture cuts posterior 
border very close to genal spine (Pl. 17, fig. 13), and runs inwards- 
forwards from there, arching outwards gently at middle of postocular 
section; at the genal angle there is a very deep pit in the doublure (PI. 
17, fig. 11b); eye elevated on a socle, which is deeper anteriorly; the 
structure of the lateral border is complex: dorsally it carries an array 
of alternating stout and small spines like those on the cranidial 
border; beneath this there is another row of tiny spines which run all 
the way around the cephalic margin and finish under the genal spine 
(Pl 17, figs 1c, 15b); below this again, at the edge of the doublure, 
there is a minutely scalloped edge (PI. 17, figs 11b, 15b); genal spine 
short and stout, carrying many smaller spines. 
Sculpture of densely packed tubercles of two sizes; a thoracic 
segment (Pl. 17, fig. 16) carries similar tubercles on the axis and 
posterior part of the pleurae; it resembles the anterior segment of G. 
pustulatus, as figured by Shaw (1968, pl. 8, fig. 9). 
Small cranidia (Pl. 17, figs 8-10) have narrower glabellae than 
larger ones, and posterior glabellar furrow is of more usual form, 
curving inwards and backwards; the smallest cranidium (PI. 17, fig. 
10) has a median occipital spine. 
Hypostome and pygidium unknown. 
DISCUSSION. ‘This stratigraphically early Glaphurus species re- 
tains several plesiomorphic characters: the glabellais subrectangular, 
while the anterior glabellar furrow is not pit-like, and the posterior 
furrow shorter (exsag.) than is the case in the type species, G. 
pustulatus, which has a rounded glabella. The Tremadocian species 
G. alimbeticus Balashova, 1961, from Kazakhstan, has an even more 
transverse anterior glabellar margin. The sculpture on this species, 
and on G. pustulatus, is much coarser than on the Irish species. The 
closest species is probably G. divisus Whittington, 1963, from 
western Newfoundland, which, however, has a rounded glabella like 
the type species, and lacks the anterior cephalic arch of G. crinitus. 
Whittington (1963: pl. 9, fig. 3) also illustrated three pairs of 
conspicuously large tubercles on the pre-occipital glabella which are 
more prominent than their counterparts in G. crinitus. 
PLATE 15 
Figs 1, 2,5-9 Celmus michaelmus sp. nov. 1, It. 26136, left librigena, external view, x7.5. 2a-b, It. 26137, thoracic segment, dorsal and anterior views, 
x10. 5a-b, It. 26138, thoracic segment, dorsal and anterior views, x10. 6a-d, It. 26139, pygidium (specimen broken slightly during photography), 
posterodorsal, posterior, ventral, and dorsal views, x12 and x10. 7a-e, It. 26140, pygidium, posterior, anterior, and dorsal views, x12, x10, x10. 8, It. 
12854, pygidium, anterior view, x10 (figured Fortey & Owens 1975: fig. 1B). 9a-b, It. 26141, thoracic segment, dorsal and anterior views, x10. 
Figs 3, 4 
view, x15. 
?Proscharyia platylimbata sp. nov. 3a-b, It. 26142, thoracic segment, left lateral and dorsal views, x15. 4, It. 26143, thoracic segment, dorsal 
Figs 10-14,18 Phaseolops ceryx sp. nov. 10a-c, It. 26144, cranidium, dorsal, left lateral, and anterior views, x15. 1la-c, It. 26145, holotype, cranidium, 
dorsal, ventral, and right lateral views, x15. 12a-e, It. 26146, cephalon, dorsal, left lateral, ventral, oblique, and anterior views, x10. 13, It. 26147, left 
librigena, external view, x15. 14a-b, It. 26148, cranidium, dorsal and left lateral views, x15. 18, It. 26149, pygidium, dorsal view, x15. 
Figs 15-17 Dimeropyge? ericina sp. nov. 15a-e, It. 26150, holotype, cranidium, dorsal, ventral, and oblique views, x15. 16a-b, It. 26151, cranidium, 
dorsal and anterior views, x15. 17, It. 26152, cranidium, dorsal view, x15. 
