THE CENOZOIC BRACHIOPOD TEREBRATULA 



87 



Fig. 3 Reproduction of Pacichelli's late 17"' century map of Andria. North is at the bottom of the figure, and the church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli (2 in 

 the key) is west of the city near the right hand edge of the map. 



(Colonna, 1616: 22) as follows: 'We found this shell full of the white 

 sediment [~tophacea concretione'] on which that whole sloping area 

 or hill is made. This is constituted not so much of loose sediments, as 

 of fragments of various shells and unbroken shells too. We collected 

 this one and others in the small valley or ditch a little below the 

 Church of D. Maria de Andria, which is situated one mile outside the 

 city' (see the Appendix for a translation of Colonna's pp. 23 and 24). 



In the modern town of Andria the names of five churches include 

 the word 'Maria', and to find which of them was the one referred to 

 by Colonna it was necessary to consult Pacichelli's late seventeenth 

 century map of Andria (Fig. 3 ). The churches of Santa Maria Nova (4 

 on Fig. 3) and Santa Maria dei Miracoli (2 on Fig. 3) are both situated 

 outside the town to the west (west is on the right hand side of Fig. 3), 

 but only the latter church is built directly on the 'tophacea concretione' 

 (= Calcarenite di Gravina Formation). On either side of a small 

 natural valley (now dry) adjacent to the church of Santa Maria dei 

 Miracoli l-3m high cliffs of white, well-cemented calcarenite out- 

 crop sporadically (Fig. 4), and specimens of Terebratida are scattered 

 throughout the calcarenite showing that this locality is undoubtedly 

 the one visited by Colonna. The brachiopods are not uncommon, but 

 are often fragile and/or broken. 



The basement rocks of the region around Andria are Lower 

 Cretaceous in age. Overlying these with angular unconformity are 

 25 to 30m of coarse-grained highly fossiliferous marine 

 biocalcarenites and calcirudites of the Calcarenite di Gravina For- 

 mation which is widespread in this area. In the vicinity of the 

 Madonna d'Andria church, the sequence consists of 2m of fine, 

 bioturbated, massive calcarenites lacking macrofossils. Above this is 

 a coarse, bioturbated calcarenite up to 4m thick which includes 



oysters, scattered pectinids, echinoids and brachiopods (Fig. 5). The 

 upper 2m thick bed is a well-cemented, very fossiliferous calcarenite 

 with a discontinuous oyster bed near its base. Fossils include Ostrea, 

 Chlaniys, internal moulds of bivalves such as Veneridae, echinoids, 

 calcareous algae and brachiopods. 



On macrofossil (Caldara, 1987; Caldara & Gissi, 1993) and 

 microfossil (Taddei Ruggiero, 1996) evidence, the lower part of the 

 Calcarenite di Gravina Formation is locally Middle to Upper Pliocene, 

 or possibly Upper Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene in age. No trace of 

 a cool-temperature Pleistocene macrofossil fauna was found during 

 our visit. 



Thus, the type locality for the neotype of Terebratula terebratida 

 (Linnaeus) is adjacent to the church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli. 

 about 2 km west of Andria, Puglia, Italy in the Calcarenite di Gravina 

 Formation, of Upper Pliocene age. The specimen selected as neotype 

 comes from beneath a small overhang about 200 m north of the 

 church. The outcrops are difficult to access, and involve crossing 

 private property. 



SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 



Order Terebratulida Moore. 1952 



Superfamily Terebratuloidea Schuchert, 1913 



Family Terebratulidae Gray. 1840 



Diagnosis. Medium to large, ventribiconvex, rectimarginate to 

 uniplicate or biplicate, rarely unisulcate or sulciplicate, sinooth or 



