96 



S.E. CHURCHILL 



la 2a lb 2b Ic 2c Id 2d 



Figs 1, 2 Cough's Cave 1 ciaviculae. in superior (a), ventral (b), inferior (c) and dorsal (d) views; 1, right-side clavicle; 2, left-side clavicle; x 0.66. 



dorsal aspects of the shaft around the costoclavicular ligament 

 attachment area, and is patched with plaster in this location. The 

 right-side bone also suffers from erosion and damage over the 

 superior, dorsal and inferior surfaces of the acromial process. The 

 left-side clavicle is undamaged. 



Both ciaviculae are fairly short and stout and not markedly curved. 

 The acromial ends are short and more curved than the proximal 

 shafts, which have only a slight curvature. The sternal end of the right 

 clavicle is round in medial view (with a maximum dorsoventral 

 diameter of 20.9mm, and a maximum superoinferior diameter of 

 23.6mm), while the left is a dorsoventrally narrow oval (maximum 

 DV diameter = 17.9mm, maximum SI diameter = 27.3mm). The 

 right clavicle exhibits a greater degree of torsion in the shaft than the 

 left clavicle. With the acromial processes held horizontally, in me- 

 dial view the long axis of the articular surface (metaphyseal plate) of 

 the right-side sternal end is inclined at a 45° angle (superoventral to 

 inferodorsal) to the coronal plane. In the left clavicle, the long axis of 

 the sternal articulation is also oriented superoventrally to 

 inferodorsally, but it forms only a 15° angle with the coronal plane. 

 The overall size and shaft curvatures is largely symmetrical between 

 the sides (Table 1). The medial shafts are elongated superodorsal to 

 inferoventral {i.e. , the long axes of the shaft cross-sections run in that 

 direction). 



The costoclavicular ligament attachment area (on the left clavicle, 

 this area is obscured by plaster on the right clavicle) is a dorso- 

 ventrally narrow but mediolaterally long scar. The left-side 

 costoclavicular ligament insertion area is dorsally placed, so much 

 so that it is almost positioned on the dorsal surface of the shaft. On 

 both sides the anterior medial shafts (in the vicinity of the M. 

 pectoralis major attachment area) are flattened and are mostly 

 smooth (there is some mild rugosity along the inferomedial edge of 



Table 1 Dimensions (mm) of the Cough's Cave 1 ciaviculae. 



Right 



Left 



Maximum length ( M- 1 )" 



Articular length'' '' 



Conoid length"' 



Midshaft maximum diameter* 



Midshaft minimum diameter^ 



Midshaft circumference (M-6) 



Mid-proximal superoinferior diameter* 



Mid-proximal anteroposterior diameter" 



Mid-proximal circumference' 



Proximal epiphyseal superoinferior diameter' 



Proximal epiphyseal anteroposterior diameter' 



Costal impression mediolateral diameter"* 



Costal impression dorsoventral diameter^ 



Conoid superoinferior diameter'' 



Conoid anteroposterior diameter'' 



Acromial superoinferior diameter' 



Acromial anteroposterior diameter' 



(135) 



135.9 



128.3 



132.2 



102.9 



104.4 



13.9 



13.9 



9.6 



9.8 



40 



39 



14.6 



11.4 



12.3 



12.6 



42 



40 



23.3 



26.4 



22.7 



18.2 



- 



19.5 



- 



9.5 



12.7 



13.5 



17.7 



17.8 



11.5 



11.7 



- 



21.5 



Martin numbers (M-#: Martin, 1928) for measurements are provided where 



appropriate. 



' length lacking the unfused sternal epiphysis. 



" direct distance between the mid-points of the proximal and distal epiphyses. 



' direct distance from the mid-point of the proximal epiphysis to the middle of the 



conoid tubercle. 



'' midshaft determined relative to articular length. 



' taken at mid-conoid length. 



' maximum (Sl-superoinferior) and minimum (AP-anteroposterior) diameters of the 



proximal epiphysis. 



» mediolateral and dorsoventral diameters of the costoclavicular ligament attachment 



area. 



'' taken at the conoid tubercle perpendicular (SI) and parallel (AP) to the superior 



surface of the bone. 



' acromial diameters taken perpendicular (SI) and parallel (AP) to the superior 



surface of the bone. 



