104 



S.E. CHURCHILL 



Table 10 Comparative ulnar osteometries (mean, SD, n) 



Cough's Cave 



14.8 



11.1 



24.0 



23.5 



36.3 



19.9 



10.9 



18.3 



18.8 



51 



12.2 



12.8 



10.6 



38 



(270) 



250 



34.9 



18.3 



10.6 



18.4 



18.7 



49 



12.2 



13.2 



LUP/Meso S 



LUP/Meso 9 



Right ulnae 

 Olecranon length 

 Olecranon height 

 Olecranon breadth 

 Trochlear notch chord 

 Coronoid height 

 Radial facet maximum diam 

 Radial facet minimum diam 

 Proximal AP diameter 

 Proximal transverse diam 

 Proximal circumference 

 Midshaft AP diameter 

 Pron. quadratus max diam 

 Pron. quadratus min diam 

 Pron. quadratus circum 



Left ulnae 

 Maximum length^ 

 Articular length-' 

 Coronoid height 

 Radial facet maximum diam 

 Radial facet minimum diam 

 Proximal AP diameter 

 Proximal transverse diam 

 Proximal circumference 

 Midshaft AP diameter 

 Midshaft ML diameter 



17.1, 



2.6, 



15 



27.1, 



1.9, 



13 



25.7, 



1.3, 



12 



27.0, 3.6, 



10 



37.4, 



1.6, 



12 



16.8, 



1.8, 



9 



11.6,0.6,9 



15.7, 



1.6, 



13 



16.8, 



2.0, 



13 



50.5, 



3.8, 



12 



14.6, 



1.9, 



5 



13.6, 



1.4, 



11 



10.3, 



0.9. 



11 



38.9. 



3.1. 



11 



UP/Meso 



6 



263.9 



, 10.6, 14 



241.6 



, 10.6, 15 



36.7. 



1.1, 



12 



16.8, 



1.3, 



9 



11.1, 



1.2, 



9 



15.5, 



2.2, 



11 



15.3, 



2.8, 



11 



48.0, 6.3, 



11 



15.2, 



1.2,3 



14.5, 



1.5, 



3 



16.7.2.0,4 

 23.8, 1.4,4 



23.6, 1.1,4 



22.7, 2.7, 3 

 32,2,2.1,6 

 16.4,-2 

 11.2,-2 

 15.2,2.0,5 

 13.7. 1.7,5 



45.0, 2.6. 5 

 12.8,-, 1 



12.1, 1.2,4 

 9.6, 0.9, 4 

 35.3,2.9,4 



UP/Meso ? 

 245.8, 8.3. 4 

 224.7, 7.4. 7 



33.3. 1.0,4 



16.4. 1.6,3 

 10.1.0.4,4 

 15.4, 1.6,8 

 13.4. 1.7,8 

 44.2,3.5,7 

 13.5,0.6,4 

 11.7,0.5,4 



All measurements are in millimeters and are defined in Table 9. 

 ' includes estimated lengths for some comparative specimens. 



Table 11 Mid-proximal ulnar cross-sectional properties, standardized' (mean. SD). 



Cough's Cave 1 



LUP/Meso 6 

 (n=4) 



LUP/Meso 

 (n=2) 



Right ulnae 



Total area (TA) 



Cortical area (CA) 



Medullary area (MA) 



ML 2nd moment of area (I J 



AP 2nd moment of area (I ) 



Maximum 2nd moment of area (I^ J 



Minimum 2nd moment of area (I ) 



Polar moment of area (J) 



Percent cortical area (%CA) 



Left ulnae 



Total area (TA) 



Cortical area (CA) 



Medullary area (MA) 



ML 2nd moment of area (I^) 



DV 2nd moment of area (I ) 

 > 

 Maximum 2nd moment of area (I ) 



Minimum 2nd moment of area (I^ ) 



Polar moment of area (J) 



Percent cortical area (%CA) 



lA 



I In 



228.8 

 210.1 



18.7 

 417.9 

 491.5 

 536.8 

 372.7 

 909.5 



91.8 



0.850 

 1.440 



221.8 

 195.7 



26.1 

 335.7 

 487.3 

 488.9 

 334.2 

 823.1 



88.2 

 0.689 

 1.463 



266.8, 36.7 

 222.7, 33.3 

 44.1, 14.7 

 534.8,235.8 



655.3, 143.7 



714.5, 184.3 



475.6, 150.0 

 1190.1,325.7 

 83.5,5.5 

 0.814.0,306 

 1.528.0.203 



(n=3) 



277.7, 17.2 



242.9, 27.4 

 34.8, 24.5 

 632.9, 187.8 

 676.1, 141.1 



784.4, 129.1 

 524.6, 79.4 

 1309.1. 179.3 

 87.5,8.7 

 0.975.0.376 

 1.507,0.267 



192.0 



177.1 



14.9 



352,3 



278.3 



360.9 



269.8 



630.7 



92.5 



1.269 



1.338 



(n=3) 

 244.0, 19.3 

 221.6,23.5 

 22.5, 12.6 

 562.9,86.1 

 443.4. 120.3 

 610.4, 110.3 

 395.9, 52.6 

 1006.3, 160.4 

 90.8, 5.0 

 1.319.0.331 

 1.537.0.124 



See text for definition of measurements. 



• Cross-sectional strength measures standardized to ulnar articular length (UAL). Areal measures (TA. CA and MA) were divided by UAL- and multiplied by I0\ 2nd moments 



of area (I^, I , I^.^, I^^, J) were divided by UAL-* and multiplied by 10'. 



On both sides, the distal end of the interosseous crest branches into 

 two crests - more strongly .so on the right-side but also to some extent on 

 the left. This may reflect a division of the membranes for M. flexor 

 digitorum profundus anteriorly and M. extensor indicus posteriorly. 

 The right-side M. pronator quadratus crest (this area is damaged in the 



left ulna) is relatively small but is clearly discemable as a narrow, 

 projecting crest. 



The styloid processes are relatively long. There are no signs of 

 any degenerative changes to the distal articular surfaces on either 

 side. 



