COUGH'S CAVE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND UPPER LIMBS 

 Table 12 Dimensions (mm) of the Cough's Cave 1 radii. 



105 



Measurement 



Maximum length (M-1) 



Articular length (M-2) 



Proximal anteroposterior diameter' 



Proximal mediolateral diameter' 



Proximal circumference-" 



Crest anteroposterior diameter (M-5) 



Crest mediolateral diameter (M-4) 



Midshaft anteroposterior diameter (M-5a)'' 



Midshaft mediolateral diameter (lVI-4a)'' 



Midshaft circumference (M-5(5))'' 



Distal minimum circumference (M-3) 



Head-neck length (M-1 a) 



Neck-shaft angle (M-7) 



Head anteroposterior diameter (M-5( ! )) 



Head mediolateral diameter (M-4( 1 )) 



Head circumference (M-5(3)) 



Neck anteroposterior diameter (M-5(2)) 



Neck mediolateral diameter (M-4(2)) 



Neck circumference (M-5(4)) 



Bicipital tuberosity length' 



Bicipital tuberosity breadth'' 



Distal breadth (M-5(6)) 



Distal depth' 



Carpal articular breadth' 



Right 



Lett 



- 



248 



- 



235 



13.5 



13.1 



12.2 



12.8 



41 



41 



12.4 



11.7 



17.1 



13.6 



12.0 



11.9 



16.9 



15.1 



46 



42 



41 



(41) 



33.0 



31.3 



6° 



6° 



21.1 



22.4 



21.2 



21.3 



69 



71 



14.7 



15,1 



12.4 



14.7 



44 



46 



22.4 



21.5 



14.1 



14.2 



- 



27.7 



- 



15.4 



- 



27.3 



Martin numbers (M-#: Martin, 1928) for mea.surements are provided where 



appropriate. 



" taken midway between the bicipital tuberosity and (he proximal end of the 



interosseous crest. 



'' right-side midshaft position was estimated using the more complete left-side radius 



' maximum proximodistal diameter of the tuberosity. 



'' maximum dorsovoiar diameter of the tuberosity. 



° maximum dorsovoiar diameter of the distal epiphysis, not including the dorsal 



(Lister's) tubercle. 



' maximum mediolateral diameter of the articular surface. 



RADIAL REMAINS 



Both radii are preserved (Figs 9, 10). The right radius is missing the 

 distal end from the region of the distal interosseous crest. The 

 diaphysis has also been broken and refitted near midshaft. The left- 

 side is more complete but has some dainage to its distal end. The 

 anterior surface of the left distal shaft, from slightly below midshaft 

 to the epiphyseal end. is eroded and damaged, and the anterior 

 surface of the distal metaphyseal area is missing. The proximal 

 halves of both radii are in a good state of preservation. 



The proximal (right and left) and distal (left) epiphyses are fully 

 fused and the epiphyseal lines are obliterated. No degenerative 

 changes are evident in any of the preserved articular surfaces. 



The heads of both radii are slightly (but only slightly ) oblong, with 

 the long axis running anteromedial to posterolateral. The neck of the 

 right radius is narrower in both anterior and lateral views compared 

 to the left (Table 12). The radial tuberosity and anterior oblique crest 

 also have a slightly greater development on the left-side. The radial 

 tuberosities are proximodistally short (Table 12). miderately wide, 

 but projecting medially (the left more so than the right). The anterior 

 oblique crests extend about 3 cm below the radial tuberosities, and 

 are well developed. The M. supinator insertion areas are smooth. 



The proximal end of the left radius is generally larger and more 

 robust than the right (in the head, neck and radial tuberosity dimen- 

 sions: Table 12). but the right clearly has a greater development of the 

 interosseous crest and shaft. 



The shafts are relatively straight (in both anterior and lateral 

 views) and are of moderate robusticity (Table 13). The M. pronator 

 teres insertions are clearly defined and of moderate rugosity. The 

 attachment sites for M. pronator qitadratus and M. brachioradialis 

 are too damaged on the left-side (and absent on the right) to say 

 anything about. On the dorsal aspect of the distal left shaft, the dorsal 

 ('Lister's') tubercle is very well developed. 



Table 13 Comparative radial osteometries (mean, SD. n) 



Cough's Cave 1 



LUP/Meso 6 



LUP/Meso 9 



Right radii 



Midshaft AP diam 



Midshaft ML diam 



Head-neck length 



Neck-shaft angle 



Head AP diam 



Head ML diam 



Neck AP diam 



Neck ML diam 



Bicip. Tuberosity length 



Bicip. Tuberosity breadth 



Left radii 

 Maximum length" 

 Articular length" 

 Midshaft AP diam 

 Midshaft ML diam 

 Head-neck length 

 Neck-shaft angle 

 Head AP diam 

 Head ML diam 

 Neck AP diam 

 Neck ML diam 

 Bicip. tubersoity length 

 Bicip. tuberosity breadth 



12.0 

 16.9 

 33.0 

 6° 

 21.1 

 21.2 

 14.7 

 12.4 

 22.4 

 14.1 



248 



235 

 11.9 

 15.1 

 31.3 

 6° 

 22.4 

 21.3 

 15.1 

 14.7 

 21.5 

 14.2 



12.3,0.4,4 

 16.0, 1.4,4 

 31.8,2.6, 12 

 8.8°, 3.4.12 



22.7, 1.4,8 



21.8.1.4, 10 



23.2, 1.2, 10 



13.3, 1.3,9 

 21.8,2.6,12 

 14.5, 1.2. 12 



UP/Meso S 

 243.9,7.4, 10 

 228.5,9.3. 13 

 11.9,0.7,4 

 14.9, 1.5,4 



31.8, 1.7, II 

 9.0°, 4.1, 10 



22.9, 1.0, 12 

 21.7.0.6.8 

 14.0, 1.0, 12 

 12.3.3.9. 14 



22.2.2.5. 13 

 14.0. 1.7. 14 



10.1,0.9,3 



13.3, 1.8,3 

 3 1 .9. 1 .7. 5 

 II. r, 5. 1, 6 

 20.8, 1.7,3 



20.6, 1.8.3 

 11.9,1.4,6 

 11.3,1.0,6 

 22.0, 2.6, 7 



12.4, 1.3,7 



UP/Meso ? 

 226.8.8.8.4 

 215.2,7.9,5 



10.0,0.7,3 



12.5, 1.0,3 

 31.0,3.3,4 

 12.8°, 7.0, 5 

 17.7,4.0.3 

 18.9,2.3,4 

 12.4.0.9,6 

 11.4, 1.0.6 

 19.4. 1.8,6 



12.7, 1.0,7 



All measurements are in millimeters and are defmed in Table 12. 

 ' includes estimated lengths for some comparative specimens. 



